중국의 서해와 동중국해 내해화를 위한 군사활동 증가와 한국의 대응전략에 관한 소고(小考)
A Study on the Rise of China’s Military Activities in the West and East China Seas and Republic of Korea’s Response Strategy
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본 연구는 중국의 해양 A2/AD 전력증강과 함께 서해 및 이어도가 포함된 동중국해에 군사력 투사 등을 통한 내해화(內海化) 시도가 한반도 안보에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 대응 전략을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 외교 차원에서, 서해의 한·중 간 경계선은 양국 해안선을 기준으로 한 등거리 Solution을 통해 설정되어야 하며, 동시에 해상과 공중에서의 우발적인 충돌 예방을 위해 동아시아 국제협력기구와의 합의 사항 및 국제법을 준수토록 중국에 강하게 요구해야 한다. 둘째, 국제해양법 측면에서, UN해양법협약을 근거로 서해 중간선 합의 유도, 동중국해 대륙붕 경계 협상시 유리한 환경 조성, 한·중 잠정 조치 수역 내 입어 규모 및 우리 해역 내 불법조업 통제 합의 등의 노력을 지속해야 한다. 셋째, 군사전략 측면에서, 서해와 동중국해에서 중국과의 해양 충돌 예방을 위한 양해각서 체결, 우리 군의 교전규칙 마련, 국방부 고위급 인사 간 군사적 신뢰 구축을 위한 협력 등이 지속되어야 한다. 넷째, 전력건설 측면에서, 잠수함의 수상함 공격과 백령도 등에 지대함·지대공 미사일 능력 강화 등 합동작전 차원에서의 대응 능력 강화가 필요하다. 마지막으로, 작전 수행 측면에서 북한과 중국의 서해 위협에 대응할 수 있는 포괄적인 대응 방안, 동경 123도 이동(以東) 해역 합동작전과 경비수행방안 등이 마련되어야 한다.
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of China’s maritime A2/AD power reinforcement and power projection in the West and East China Seas, including Ieodo, on the security of the Korean Peninsula, and suggest the Republic of Korea’s counter-strategy as follows. First, in terms of diplomacy aspect, Seoul must make it clear to China that the boundary line in the West Sea between Korea and China should be established through an equidistant solution based on the coastlines of the two countries. The ROK should also require China to comply with international laws and agreements which were agreed upon with East Asian countries and International Cooperation Organization(Sea: CUES, CoC, Air: GAME, etc.) to prevent accidental collisions in the sea and air in the West and East China Seas. Second, in terms of international maritime law, South Korea should induce China to agree on a median line in the West Sea based on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS), and create a favorable environment for negotiating the continental shelf boundary in the West and East China Seas. Seoul should also continue its efforts to reach agreements with Beijing on the scale of fishing vessels in the interim measures between Korea and China and the control of illegal fishing of Chinese vessels in the ROK’s EEZ waters. Third, in terms of military strategy, South Korea should conclude a memorandum of understanding(MOU) with China to prevent maritime clashes in the West and East China Seas. The ROK armed forces should also prepare the rules of engagement(ROE) in preparation for disputing with China in the West and East China Seas. In addition, the ROK MND should continue to cooperate with China’s counterpart to build military trust between the two countries’ high-level officials. Korea should also continue to strengthen the strategic bases of the five northwestern islands, including deploying strategic and cruise missiles. Finally, in terms of operational aspects, South Korea must come up with a comprehensive counter-strategy and plan against the threats from North Korea and China in the West Sea. In addition, South Korea should come up with a plan for joint operations and naval patrol operations in the West Sea, moving 123 degrees East longitude.
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