중국 해상민병대의 위협과 한국의 대응방안
The threat of Chinese maritime militia and Korea’s response plan
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중국 해상민병대는 준군사조직으로 평가되고 있으나, 주로 민간인으로 구성되어 있으며 신분의 모호성과 전력의 비대칭적 특성으로 관련 국가들의 효과적인 대응이 제한된다. 따라서 본 연구는 중국의 해상민병대의 실체를 밝히고 동·남중국해 활동 양상 분석을 통해 위협을 전망하고 한국의 대응 방안을 제시하였다. 해상민병대는 동·남중국해의 다양한 분쟁지역에 파견되어 중국의 정치·전략적 목표 달성에 기여했으며, 오늘날 양적 성장과 함께 전문화된 조직으로 발전하고 있다. 중국은 국가이익을 달성하기 위해 세계 어느 곳이든 해상민병대를 투입할 수 있으며, 이어도를 포함한 한국의 서해도 예외는 아니다. 서해가 짙은 회색지대로 변화하기 전에 중국의 해상민병대를 효과적으로 대응함은 물론 위협을 감소시키기 위한 국가적 차원의 노력이 시급하다. 이를 위해 해상민병대 위협에 대한 인식 제고 및 국가해양전략 수립, 국제 협조체계 구축, 우발적 충돌 방지대책 마련, 해상민병대 대응개념 정립 및 불법 활동 차단대책 마련 등 정책적 대안을 제시하고자 한다.
Abstract
China's maritime militia is evaluated as a paramilitary organization, but it is mainly composed of civilians, and the effective response of related countries is limited due to the ambiguity of their status and the asymmetric nature of their power. Therefore, this study reveals the reality of China's maritime militia, forecasts the threat through analysis of activities in the East and South China Seas, and suggests Korea's response plan. The Maritime Militia was dispatched to various conflict areas in the East and South China Seas and contributed to achieving China's political and strategic goals, and today it is developing into a specialized organization with quantitative growth. China can deploy maritime militia anywhere in the world to achieve national interests, and Korea's West Island, including Ieo Island, is no exception. Before the West Sea turns into a dark gray zone, efforts at the national level are urgently needed to effectively respond to China's maritime militia and reduce the threat. Nevertheless, legal and political countermeasures against China's maritime militia are still insufficiently prepared. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the activity patterns of maritime militia units operating at the forefront of China's maritime gray zone and to present threats and countermeasures in the ocean, which could become Korea's gray zone.
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