이민 1세대, 이민 2세대, 일반시민의 경찰신뢰도 영향요인 분석: 개인 및 국가적 요인, 2수준 상호작용 효과 검증
A Study of the Influential Factors of the Confidence in the Police of the First Generation of Immigrants, Second Generation of Immigrants, and General Citizens
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본 연구는 33개 국가의 세대별 이민자(이민 1세대, 2세대)와 비이민자(일반국민)의 경찰신뢰도를 개인수준과 국가수준을 고려하여 비교 분석한다. 구체적으로, 이중참조기준이론을 바탕으로 비이민자와 이민자의 경찰 신뢰의 차이 및 영향요인을 분석하였다. 분석방법으로는 국가수준을 고려하기 위해 다층 로지스틱 회귀분석을 활용하였으며, 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 이민 1세대가 일반국민보다 경찰에 대한 신뢰가 높았으며 이민 2세대는 일반국민에 비해 경찰을 신뢰할 가능성이 낮았다. 또한, 일반국민과 이민자의 경찰에 대한 신뢰는 국가수준의 변수인 민족 분화정도(ELF)에 의해 달라지는 것으로 확인되었다. 국가수준의 통제변수들을 모두 투입한 후에도 이민 1세대와 2세대의 ELF의 상호작용항이 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 결론 및 제언부분에서 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to compare and analyze the confidence in the police among generational immigrants (first-generation, second-generation) and non-immigrants (general citizens) across 33 countries, with a focus on both individual and national factors influencing trust in the police. Specifically, the study utilizes the dual frame of reference theory to explain the differences and influential factors in police confidence between non-immigrants and immigrants. Variables distinguishing immigrants (first and second generations) from non-immigrants at the individual level were included, and at the national level, the Ethno-Linguistic Fractionalization index (ELF) was considered. The analysis employed a logistic hierarchical linear model to account for the national level. The results indicated that first-generation immigrants showed higher confidence in the police compared to general citizens, while second-generation immigrants were less likely to trust the police than general citizens. It was found that the confidence in the police of both general citizens and immigrants varied depending on the degree of ethno-linguistic fractionalization (ELF) at the national level. Even after controlling for national-level variables, the interaction effects between first-generation immigrants and ELF, as well as between second-generation immigrants and ELF, remained statistically significant. Additionally, both instrumental and expressive models were found to have statistically significant impacts on confidence in the police, consistent with findings from previous studies. Based on these results, the study discusses implications and provides recommendations in the conclusion section.
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