점령기 일본문학의 ‘패전’ 표상과 검열 －히사오 주란(久生十蘭)의 『무(だいこん)』를 중심으로－

Abstract

The ‘Daikon (radish)’ by Hisao Juran is a work on the 18 days period from the August 15th, when the Japanese emperor gave the broadcasting on the end of war, till the September 2nd, when the surrender document of Japan was signed. The work was serially published in a popular magazine from January 1947. The 6th episode, which was conspicuous in the description of the occupying army, received the censorship disposition of ‘hold for publication’. The serial publishing of the ‘Daikon’ in the magazine and the publishing of it as a book were done during the period, when the censorship of occupation period Japan was changing. This study contemplated the ‘the defeat in war’ and ‘occupation’ by comparing the serial publication of the ‘Daikon’ in the magazine, the different version of the 6th episode created by the censorship and the ‘Daikon’ as a book, which was published one year after the serial publishing in the magazine finished. There was very serious censorship disposition during the occupation period on the content, which arouse the public opinion on the reality of ‘being occupied’, or the content, which describes the occupying army. Other than the 6th episode of the ‘Daikon’, which received the censorship disposition, there are multiple parts in the other episodes, where the author boldly described the occupying army and the psychology of the people who lost the war. This has very close relation with the fact that the relaxation of the censorship policy began from 1947. However, this study also analyzed the reasons why the expressions in the text of the ‘Daikon’ could have survived, in addition to the physical condition outside the text. The ‘Daikon’ exposed the raw hostility against United States in pieces; however, the work is actively and outwardly supporting the occupation policy by consistently claiming that the Japanese military is wholly responsible for the war and obviously highlighting United States as the ‘liberation army’. Hisao Juran was asked to submit the content of all episodes in advance after the 6th episode received the ‘hold for publication’ disposition. It is believed that the support on the occupation policy by the father, a U.K./United States supporting pacifist and a diplomat, and the daughter ‘Satoko’ worked as an important element in the judgment of the censor on whether this novel would be allowed for continued publication. The work ‘Daikon’ has irony and satire here and there; while there is a room, which can be read as a strategic support by the author in coping with the censorship. However, the satire in the ‘Daikon’ consequently splits toward the direction of chaos while the highlighted clear message in the whole novel is ‘active support on the occupation policy’. The work ‘Daikon’, as the beneficiary of the relaxed censorship policy, is touching substantial parts which were the main checkpoints in the press code or the censorship key log; however, it ended up as a work, which showed the psychological binding of the author caused by the change in the censorship policy and the limitation of the relaxation.