18-19세기의 朝鮮朝 詩歌의 變貌樣相과 近代性 問題

Abstract

‘The modern as the real’, ‘the represented modern’, ‘the modern as the desire’, ‘the interpreted modern’ is not the same. However, all the scholars who had researched into the modernity in Korea regarded them as the same. I solved the problem through the Hwajaeng-poetics. Hwajaeng-poetics is an new poetic theory to combine formalism poetics and Marxist sociology, text and context, text and ideology, code and message, author as a sender and reader as a receiver through Wonhyo's Hwajaeng philosophy. I analyzed the poetries in Chosŏn Dynasty in the era of 18th-19th centries. In the era of 18th-19th centries, the dominant world-view is changed the conservative confucianism into the progressive confucianism, and Ch’ŏndoism - Korean original religion founded by Ch’oe Che-wu in 1859 - as the rising world-view stood against the dominant world-view. The criticism of poems that purses the truth of human nature stood up to the existing poetics, the criticism of poems that pursues the righteousness of human nature. The aesthetic sense of sŏ-min, the common people substituted for that of yang-ban, the two upper classes of Chosŏn Dynasty little by little. The text directed from the culture of the upper body - the ideal, concept, the sacred, what should be, a priori, universality to the culture of the lower part of the body - the real, the common, being, experience, individuality; from classicism to realism; from a single ideology to various ideology. The leading creative and appreciate group was transferred from yang-ban to jung-in, the middle classes Chosŏn Dynasty. The jung-in preferred to write the common originally with everyday language and Korean rather than to write the sacred conventionally with formal word and Chinese, and expressed the metonymy rather than metaphor. Therefore, there was a clear transition in the poetries in Chosŏn Dynasty in the era of 18th-19th centries. Those transition is a particular modernity that is different from the western modernization.