본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

카자흐스탄 언어정책의 특징과 전망- ‘언어정책’ 관련 이론들과 카자흐어의 현실적 언어지위를 중심으로 -

Characteristics and Prospects of Language Policy in Kazakhstan - In the Context of theories related to ‘Language Policy’ and the realistic status of Kazakh language -

박성용|성동기
외국학연구소 (FOREIGN STUDIES INSTITUTE)|2022.06|외국학연구 (The Journal of Foreign Studies)|제60호|pp. 385-422|DOI 10.15755/jfs.2022..60.385

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

중앙아시아Central Asia카자흐스탄Kazakhstan언어정책Language Policy카자흐어.Kazakh.
주제분류기타인문학

초록

Kazakhstan was more influenced by Russia and the Russian language than any other country in Central Asia. In particular, Kazakhs were nomadic people, so they had no choice but to rely on the Soviet government to transliterate their national language, Kazakh. And in the last census of the Soviet Union in 1989, Kazakhs did not make up half of the total population. Therefore, the language policy promoted by the Kazakh government after independence was dynamically changed under the influence of the Kazakh population and Russian language. This study aims to analyze the contents of the language policy promoted by the Kazakhstan government from 1987 to 2021 in detail, and to find and forecast its characteristics. The research contents are as follows. First, previous studies related to Kazakh language will be introduced. Understanding the topic of previous studies related to Kazakh and the research methods and analysis of each researcher will be the basis for presenting the continuity and differentiation of the topic of this study from previous studies. Second, various laws and programs that the Kazakh government tried to develop Kazakh as the national language of Kazakhstan will be analyzed. In this part, various ‘Language Policy’ and ‘Language Planning’ theories will be applied to laws and programs related to language policy promoted by the Kazakhstan government. Through this, the problems and characteristics of Kazakhstan's language policy will be derived. Third, the realistic linguistic status of Kazakh language will be analyzed. In this part, studies and cases related to the realistic status of the Kazakh language in the language policy of the Kazakh government will be introduced. Through this, the characteristics of the language policy of the Kazakhstan government can be understood. Fourth, the realistic purpose and prospect of the language policy promoted by the Kazakhstan government will be analyzed. In this part, it will be suggested whether the Kazakh government simply develops a language policy to develop Kazakh as the national language or pursues it for other purposes. Through this, the language policy of Kazakhstan will be prospected.

Abstract

Kazakhstan was more influenced by Russia and the Russian language than any other country in Central Asia. In particular, Kazakhs were nomadic people, so they had no choice but to rely on the Soviet government to transliterate their national language, Kazakh. And in the last census of the Soviet Union in 1989, Kazakhs did not make up half of the total population. Therefore, the language policy promoted by the Kazakh government after independence was dynamically changed under the influence of the Kazakh population and Russian language. This study aims to analyze the contents of the language policy promoted by the Kazakhstan government from 1987 to 2021 in detail, and to find and forecast its characteristics. The research contents are as follows. First, previous studies related to Kazakh language will be introduced. Understanding the topic of previous studies related to Kazakh and the research methods and analysis of each researcher will be the basis for presenting the continuity and differentiation of the topic of this study from previous studies. Second, various laws and programs that the Kazakh government tried to develop Kazakh as the national language of Kazakhstan will be analyzed. In this part, various ‘Language Policy’ and ‘Language Planning’ theories will be applied to laws and programs related to language policy promoted by the Kazakhstan government. Through this, the problems and characteristics of Kazakhstan's language policy will be derived. Third, the realistic linguistic status of Kazakh language will be analyzed. In this part, studies and cases related to the realistic status of the Kazakh language in the language policy of the Kazakh government will be introduced. Through this, the characteristics of the language policy of the Kazakhstan government can be understood. Fourth, the realistic purpose and prospect of the language policy promoted by the Kazakhstan government will be analyzed. In this part, it will be suggested whether the Kazakh government simply develops a language policy to develop Kazakh as the national language or pursues it for other purposes. Through this, the language policy of Kazakhstan will be prospected.

참고문헌 (62)

  1. 구은조, "사회 언어학적 시각으로 보는 카자흐스탄 언어 정책", 새국어생활, 27(2), pp.163~179 (2017)
  2. 성동기, "카자흐스탄 민족문제의 재해석과 새로운 민족정책의 제고 -카자흐인과 러시아인의 인구분포 변화와 설문조사를 중심으로-", 중동문제연구, 8(2), pp.33~74 (2009), 중동문제연구소
  3. 손영훈, "카자흐스탄 민족통합 과정에서 카자흐어의 역할 연구", 중동연구, 27(3), pp.155~179 (2009), 중동연구소
  4. 신동일, "담론으로 접근하는 언어정책탐구 연구방법: 비판적", 담론적 전환으로부터, 2019, pp.35(1), 79~105[DOI]
  5. 이유신, "카자흐스탄의 단일국가언어정책", 민족연구, 13, pp.197~207 (2004)
  6. 장태진, "언어 계획의 이론과 국어의 연구", 한글, 162, pp.331~332 (1978)
  7. 정경택, "카자흐스탄에서의 러시아어의 지위 변화", 노어노문학, 15(2), pp.177~211 (2003), 한국노어노문학회
  8. 정은미, "카자흐스탄 언어 정책의 현황과 미래 - 삼중언어정책을 중심으로", 중동연구, 33(2), pp.161~204 (2014), 중동연구소
  9. 조태린, "언어 정책이란 무엇인가", 새국어생활, 20(2), pp.117~131 (2010)
  10. 허승철, "중앙아시아의 언어 정책", 이중언어학, (21), pp.329~346 (2002), 이중언어학회
  11. Adams, Karen, "Focus on Language Planning: Essays in honor of Joshua A. Fishman. Volume 3" (1991), J. Benjamins Pub. Co
  12. Amantay, Assem, "“Kazakhs should speak Kazakh”: Language Policy Realization in Urban Kazakh Families", NUGSE Research in Education, 2(2), pp.13~20 (2017)
  13. Beisenova, Zhainagul, "Language Shifts in Case of Language Policy of Kazakhstan", Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(8), pp.653~659 (2013)
  14. Bhavna, Dave, "National Revival in Kazakhstan : Language Shift and Identity Change", Post-Soviet Affairs, 12(1), pp.51~72 (1996)
  15. Bhavna, Dave, "Demographic and Language Politics in the 1999 Kazakhstan Census" (2002), The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research
  16. "Language Debate in Kazakhstan Reflects Russian-Kazakh Tensions" (2004)[URL]
  17. Cooper, Robert, "Language Planning and Social Change" (1989), Cambridge University Press
  18. Dadabaeva, Gulnara, , The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review, 37, pp.125~141 (2010)
  19. Fierman, William, "Language and Identity in Kazakhstan Formulations in Policy Documents 1987-1997", Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 31(2), pp.171~186 (1998)
  20. Kaplan, Robert, "Language planning from practice to theory" (1997), Multilingual Matters
  21. Nahir, Moshe, "Language Planning Goals: A Classification", Language Problems and Language Planning, 8(3), pp.294~327 (1984)
  22. Ofelia Garcıá, "International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences 13", pp.353~359 (2015)
  23. Popova, Mariia, "Maintenance of the Russian language in Kazakhstan: activity of Russia", Alkalmazott Nyelvtudomány, XX, pp.1~16 (2020)
  24. Schiffman, Harold, "Linguistic Culture and Language Policy" (1996), Routledge
  25. Schlyter, Birgit, "New Language Laws in Uzbekistan in Language Problems and Language Planning", 22(2), pp.143~181 (1998)
  26. Smagulova, Juldyz, "Language Policies of Kazakhization and Their Influence on Language Attitudes and Use", International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11(3-4), pp.440~475 (2008)
  27. Spolsky, Bernard, "The Cambridge Handbook of Language Policy" (2012), Cambridge University Press
  28. Sue, Wright, "Language Policy and Language Planning: From Nationalism to Globalization" (2004), Palgrave Macmillan
  29. Ulko, Alexey, "“Uzbek is the Language for Uzbeks”: Why There are Problems in Uzbekistan with the State Language?", Bulletin of the International Institute for Central Asian Studies, 29, pp.87~95 (2020)
  30. Zhumanova, Aiman, "Language Politics in the Republic of Kazakhstan:History, Problems and Prospect", International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 11(11), pp.4241~4253 (2016)
  31. Zhumanova, Aiman, "Language Situation in Kazakhstan in the Modern Period: Ideology, Policy and Planning", Opción, Año, 36(Regular 91), pp.90~106 (2020)
  32. "“Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan” Analytical Report"[URL]
  33. "Population Situation Analysis of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (2019)[URL]
  34. "카자흐스탄 통계위원회"[URL]
  35. "Common European Framework of Reference for Languages"[URL]
  36. "Kazakhstan’s alphabet switch reflects wider societal changes" (2021)[URL]
  37. "“Kazakhstan-2050” Strategy’"[URL]
  38. "Kazakh President Revives Idea Of Switching To Latin Script"[URL]
  39. "Kazakh Schools Getting ‘Kazakhified’"[URL]
  40. "Kazakhs reject Russian State Duma’s meddling over proposed language law"[URL]
  41. "Kazakhstan adopts new alphabet with Turkish input"[URL]
  42. "Kazakhstan Still on the Long Road to a Latin Alphabet"[URL]
  43. "Kazakhstan to switch from Cyrillic to Latin alphabet"[URL]
  44. "Kazakhstan's Constitution of 1995 with Amendments through 2017"[URL]
  45. "Order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. No.1045. 2019.12.31"[URL]
  48. "State Program of Education Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011–2020"[URL]
  49. "The analysis of implementation of the state program in the field of development and functioning of languages in Kazakhstan On the example of the region of Karaganda"[URL]
  50. "The State Сommittee of Republic Uzbekistan on statistics. Demographic Situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan" (2017)[URL]
  51. "22 СЕНТЯБРЯ–ДЕНЬ ЯЗЫКОВ НАРОДА КАЗАХСТАНА"[URL]
  52. "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР"[URL]
  53. "Закон Республики Казахстан от 11 июля 1997 года № 151-I. О языках в Республике Казахстан"[URL]
  54. "Заявление Мухтара Шаханова"[URL]
  55. "Конституция Республики Казахстан от 28 января 1993 года"[URL]
  56. "О государственной независимости Республики Казахстан"[URL]
  57. "О Государственной программе функционирования и развития языков на 2001-2010 годы"[URL]
  58. "Послание Президента Республики Казахстан Н. Назарбаева народу Казахстана. 28 февраля 2007г"[URL]
  59. "‘Распоряжение Президента Республики Казахстан от 4 ноября 1996 года № 3186. О Концепции языковой политики РеспубликиКазахстан"[URL]
  60. "Реализация и результаты культурно-языковой и образовательнойполитики в Казахстане в 90-е годы"[URL]
  61. "Терминологический словарь: Триединство языков"[URL]
  62. "Фергана.Ру. Загадки «Желтоксана». К 25-летию алма-атинских событий 16–18 декабря 1986 года"[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

소비에트 언어정책의 이론과 실제유승만러시아연구소 · 러시아연구2008 · 제18권 제2호러시아-유라시아 지역의 언어적 특성: 중앙아시아의 ‘민족개념-민족어-러시아어’의 상관관계를 중심으로길윤미한국러시아문학회 · 러시아어문학연구논집2016 · 제52호체제전환기 카자흐스탄의 민족 간 민족의식 및 민족동화 변화 연구 ― 카자흐인과 러시아인 대상의 설문조사를 중심으로 ―성동기중앙아시아학회 · 중앙아시아연구2008 · 제13권 우즈벡어의 언어위상 변화와 우즈베키스탄 내 소수 민족어 문제유승만러시아연구소 · 러시아연구2009 · 제19권 제1호카자흐스탄 언어 정책의 현황과 미래 - 삼중언어정책을 중심으로정은미중동연구소 · 중동연구2014 · 제33권 제2호카자흐스탄 소셜미디어와 ICT, SNS(social network service)상 카자흐어 위상김선래아태지역연구센터 · 중소연구2016 · 제40권 제2호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (14건)

Discrepancy in the Effect of L1 Negative Transfer on L2 Learning: Evidence from Korean Speakers’ Production of Two Adjacent Obstruents in English장우혁, 임영신pp. 11-34Vowel Space Characteristics of English Monophthongs and Diphthongs Produced by Male and Female Korean Learners of English전윤실pp. 35-62한일 상호행위 관점에서 본 사죄・응답전략 - 체면(face)의 변화양상을 중심으로 -손동희pp. 63-92『노걸대(老乞大)』에 나타나는 명령(祈使) 어기의 ‘者’ 변화 양상 고찰도현정pp. 93-126경성제국대학 출신 귀환자의 식민지 기억과 체험: 데시마 히데히코(豊島英彦)의 소설을 중심으로김욱pp. 127-144
원문 보기