대학은 성적순? 대학 입학에 있어 언더매칭 현상과 부모의 사회경제적 지위와의 관계 탐색
Undermatching in College Access, and The Unequal Distribution of Opportunity: The Case of South Korea
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이 연구는 한국교육고용패널(KEEP)의 중3코호트와 고3코호트 자료를 활용하여 수능 성적과 내신 석차에 비해 위세가 낮은 대학교에 입학하는 ‘언더매칭’ 현상을 분석하고 이러한 현상이 부모의 사회경제적 지위와 어떠한 연관이 있는지 확인하였다. 분석 결과 절반에 가까운 학생들이 입학 과정에서 언더매칭을 경험하는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회경제적 지위가 낮은 집단에서 언더매칭이 보다 빈번하게 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 나아가 사회경제적 지위와 언더매칭이 될 가능성 간의 관계는 학업성취도가 높은 학생 집단에서 가장 뚜렷한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 언더매칭 문제를 완화하기 위해 필요한 방안을 제언하였다.
Abstract
This study employed the concept of undermatching, which refers to entering a college in which the student is at a lower level than a school where he or she can attend, to explore the extent to which students are undermatched in South Korea and its association with socio-economic status. Using a nationally representative sample of KEEP:04(Korean Education & Employment Panel: 2005, 2008 cohorts), the results show that nearly half of students are undermatched, and it is more prevalent in the low socio-economic status group. Specifically, the strongest association between socio-economic and the likelihood of undermatching was found among the high achieving group of students. We suggests the policies to eliviate the problem of undermatching.
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