외국인 유입과 범죄 발생에 관한 실증분석: 한국의 13개 광역지역 자료를 중심으로
The Effect of Immigration on Crime: Evidence from Metropolitan Regions in South Korea
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본 연구는 외국인(또는 이민자) 유입이 범죄 발생에 미치는 효과를 추정하였다. 2010년 이후 지난 10년간 관측된 광역지역별 외국인 주민의 증가가 지역 범죄 발생과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 실증적으로 확인함으로써, 그간 지속되어 온 외국인유입 증가로 인한 범죄 발생 증가와 관련된 언론보도 양상과 국민 인식이 지나치게 부정적인 방향으로 부각된 것은 아닌지 국내 패널자료를 이용하여 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 해외 학계에서도 아직 본격적으로 다루지 않은 이민자의 세부유형별 분석을 시도하였고, 이민자의 내생적 이주 선택 등으로 인한 내생성을 완화하고자 도구변수를 활용하였다. 광역지역 패널데이터를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 지역별 외국인주민 규모와 범죄 발생 간 관계는 외국인주민 및 범죄의 유형에 따라 서로 다른 양상을 보였다. 재산범죄에 대해서는 외국인주민의 증가가 범죄 발생과 (-)의 관계를 보였지만, 강력범죄 등에서는 통계적으로 비유의한 결과가 나타났다. 또한, 외국인주민의 체류유형․성별 분석 결과에서는 한국국적을 가지지않은 유학생 및 외국국적동포 규모와 범죄발생비 사이에 유의미한 (+) 관계가 확인되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 통해 볼 때, 향후 한국 사회 내 외국인 규모가 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상됨에 따라, 외국인의 유형 및 특성, 범죄유형에 따라보다 신중한 정책적 대응이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
There has been a significant increase in global migration in recent decades. Contrary to popular perceptions, in the existing literature the evidence on the relationship between immigration and crime is controversial. Using data from South Korean 13 metropolitan areas, from 2010 to 2019, this paper investigates the relationship between immigration and crime. We use fixed effects model to account for metropolitan regions unobserved heterogeneity, and also estimate the 2SLS fixed effects model to address the potential endogeneity problem associated with the endogenous sorting behavior of immigrants. We focus on types of immigration, in particular un-naturalized foreigners, then we find that foreign students has a robust effect on the level of violent and property crimes.
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