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재정적 정부관계와 규제적 정부관계에 대한 인식의 차별: 미국 주정부 공무원의 인식 속에 존재하는 두 차원의 정부관계

Fiscal and Regulatory Intergovernmental Relations: Two Dimensions of Intergovernmental Relations Perceived by State Administrators

조정래
정부학연구소 (Institute of Governmental Studies)|2011.08|정부학연구 (Journal of Governmental Studies(JGS))|제17권 제2호|pp. 259-288

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참고문헌

키워드

정책도구Policy Instruments재정적 정부관계규제적 정부관계Fiscal Intergovernmental RelationsRegulatory Intergovernmental Relations
주제분류행정학

초록

미국의 연방-주정부관계는 역사적, 이론적, 개념적으로 두 차원으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 연방보조금(federal grants-in-aid)을 중심으로 한 재정적(또는 협력적) 정부관계와 법률, 명령을 중심으로 한 규제적(또는 강제적) 정부관계이다. 이 두 차원의 정부관계는 미국 정부관계 연구에 있어서 중요한 이론적 분석 틀을 제공한다. 역사적, 이론적, 개념적으로 구별되어지는 두 차원의 정부관계가 공무원의 인식 속에서도 경험적으로 구분되어지는가 하는 것이 이 논문의 연구주제이다. 실증분석을 위하여 1994, 1998, 2004년 미국 주정부 공무원프로젝트(American State Administrator's Project) 설문자료를 이용하여 주정부공무원이 인식하고 있는 연방정부의 재정적 영향과 규제적 영향이 단일차원(uni-dimension)인지 아니면 이중차원(dual-dimension)인지를 확인적 요인분석방법(confirmatory factor analysis)을 통하여 검증하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 연방정부의 재정적 영향과 규제적 영향은 단일차원이 아니며 두 차원으로 구별되어진다. 이론적으로 구별되는 두 차원의 연방-주정부관계가 현실적으로 공무원의 인식 속에도 구별되어 존재한다는 것을 경험적으로 확인하였다. 그러나 재정적 정부관계와 규제적 정부관계는 서로 완전히 별개의 독립된 차원이 아니라는 사실 또한 알게 되었다. 즉 연방과 주정부의 재정적 관계와 규제적 관계는 하나의 차원도 아니지만 완전히 독립된 개별 차원도 아닌 중첩모형이라 하겠다.

Abstract

There are two dimensions of American state-national relations. One is fiscal aspect which relies on federal grants-in-aid to secure cooperation from state governments. The other is regulatory aspect resting on the legal authority of the national government. These two dimensions provide a theoretical framework for the study of American intergovernmental relations. The dimensions, however, which can be separated historically and theoretically do not necessarily assure that they are empirically distinguishable. This article investigated whether or not administrators perceive the two dimensions of intergovernmental relations separately. The data for this research is derived from 1994, 1998, and 2004 American State Administrator Project survey. Confirmatory factor analysis provides a method to test the dimensionality of intergovernmental relations. It is found that state administrators perceive the two dimensions independently. The two dimensions, however, are to some extent overlapping. The correlation between the two dimensions may be derived from federal regulations such as crosscutting requirements and crossover sanctions that blur the boundaries between fiscal and regulatory intergovernmental dimensions.

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