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한국의 경제적 발전과 사회적 변화에 대한 고찰

Back to the Future of the South Korean Economy and Society

박현|오민주
사회과학연구소 (Institute of Social Sciences SOGANG UNIVERSITY)|2016.12|사회과학연구 (Journal of Social Science)|제42권 제3호|pp. 1-52|DOI 10.15820/khjss.2016.42.3.001

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참고문헌

키워드

Endogenous Growth Theory경제성장과 발전내생적 경제성장론사회-정치-문화적 요소한국 사회와 경제Economic Growth and DevelopmentSocio-Politico-Cultural FundamentalsSouth Korean Economy and Society
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본 논문은 한국의 경제적 발전과 사회적 변화를 역으로 추정하여 서로의 상호관계를 고찰 한다. 먼저 내생적 경제성장론을 기초로 하여 지난 50년간의 한국 경제성장의 원동력을 조명한 후, 인류 사회학적 접근법으로 “단기간의 급속한 경제성장은 사회-정치-문화적 변화를 동반한다“는 가설을 통계적 증거와 한국인의 광범위한 삶의 모습을 통해 증명한다. 본 논문은 20세기의 한국의 경제성장은 인류사적으로 획기적인 사건임을 밝히고, 이는 최근의 경제개발도상국의 정부정책을 포함한 사회-정치-문화적 변화의 과정을 이해하고 예측할 수 있는 살아있는 실험실을 제공하고 있음을 주장한다. 그 예로서 현재 한국은 경제적 발전과 사회적 변화를 보여 주는 모델로써, 급성장 과정의 성장통과 선진국 진입에 따른 노인병을 동시에 시달리고 있음을 발견할 수 있다.

Abstract

This paper examines the various potential paths of economic growth to understand the development of the economy and the transformation of the society in South Korea. Based on the endogenous growth theory, we describe the engine of economic growth in the South Korean economy over the last fifty years. We also demonstrate how this fast economic growth has molded the country’s socio-politico-cultural life and, in doing so at an semi-anthropological and pseudo-ethnographical approach, help readers to better understand the contemporary life style of average South Koreans. The experience of economic growth in South Korea is unprecedented in human history and provides a role model for the design of strategies for economic growth and development, as well as for associated government policies, for recently developing economies. We then show that the economy and society in South Korea provides an example of a living laboratory to understand better both developing and advanced economies. The “growing pain” of fast-growing economies and the “geriatric symptom” of advanced economies coexist in contemporary South Korea.

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