정치적 갈등의 해소와 사회적 연대의 증진과 함께 권력의 불균형을 방지하기 위한 국가의 역할
The Role of State to Prevent the Abuse of Power with Promoting Social Solidarity and Avoiding Political Conflict
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이 논문의 주요한 연구 내용은 권력 불평등을 막기 위한 국가의 기능과 역할을 통해서 정치적 갈등의 해소와 사회적 연대의 증진을 위한 요소들을 연구하는 것이다. 이 논문은 권력과 갈등 관계의 분석에서 다원권력론의 로버트 달(Robert Dahl), 신통치엘리트론의 스트븐 룩스(Steven Lukes), 권력엘리트론의 월리암 돔호프(William Domhoff)의 권력 이론들의 소개와 함께 권력의 불균등과 불평등을 방지하기 위한 국가정책의 역할을 논의하였다. 구조주의자와 기능주의자들의 권력에 대한 분석을 살펴보면, 구조주의자들의 견해에서 권력의 불균형은 경제적․사회적 구조와 제도로부터 파생되지만, 기능주의자들의 관점에서 권력의 불평등은 경제적․사회적 구조보다는 정치적인 에이전트(agency)에 의해 발생된다는 것이다. 궁극적으로, 정치적 에이전트는 구조적인 문제의 해결과 함께 권력의 불균등과 불평등을 방지하기 위한 주요한 행위자로 간주될 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 복지국가의 정책을 추구하는 보수주의, 사회주의, 자유주의 정부에서 정치적 갈등의 해소와 사회적 연대의 증진을 위한 국가의 사회적․경제적 정책들을 분석하였다. 국가의 정책에 권력의 남용과 불균형들을 방지하기 위한 투명성, 개방성, 청렴성의 좋은 거버넌스 제도의 기능과 역할이 요구된다.
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to analyze the role and function of state for promoting social solidarity and avoiding political conflict, which ultimately prevent the inequality of power. In the analysis of the relationship between power and conflict, the theories of power, including the pluralistic power theory of Robert Dahl, the theory of new rule elite of Steven Lukes, and the theory of the power elite of William Domhoff are introduced. Also, it is argued that the social and economic policies of the state can prevent the inequality of power. In the analysis of power explained by functionalist and structuralist, the inequality of power can be generated by a political agency rather than economic and social structure in the opinion of functionalism, while it is usually caused by economic and social structure and institution in the view of structuralism. Ultimately, political agency can be regarded as a major agency in order to prevent the inequality of power along with structural problem-solving. The social and economic policies of the state promoting social solidarity and avoiding political conflict are analyzed on the conservative, socialistic, and liberal government of welfare regime. The role and function of good governance, which “requires the highest standards of integrity, openness and transparency,” is necessary for preventing the abuse and inequality of power.
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