인지-동기 모델을 활용한 한국 경제발전 과정의 미시적 토대 분석
Examination of the Micro Foundation of the Korean Economic Development using a Cognitive-Motivational Approach
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초록
이 연구는 20세기 후반 한국의 고도 경제성장의 토대를 사회심리적 관점에서 분석한다. 한국과 동아시아의 경제발전을 문화적 또는 심리적 관점에서 설명하고자 한 기존의 대표적인 접근은 유교자본주의론 혹은 아시아적 가치론이었다. 그러한 관점들은 주목을받으면서도 동시에 여러 비판을 받았지만 그것을 대신하거나 보완할 수 있는 학술적 설명이 충분히 제시되지 못한 채 관련 논의가 크게 감소하였다. 이 연구는 그러한 공백을메우면서 한국의 경제성장의 미시적 동학에 대한 설명을 문화사회학, 사회심리학, 인지인류학의 논의들을 통해 보다 분석적이고 엄밀하게 제시하고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로, 한국의 경제성장의 토대가 되었던 사회심리적 경험과 조건들을 인지적 요인들과 동기적 요인들로 나누어 설명하고, 어떠한 다중인과적 과정을 거쳐 한국의 경제발전과정의미시적 토대가 구축될 수 있었는지에 대한 메커니즘을 제시한다.
Abstract
This study takes a social-psychological perspective and analyzes the micro foundation of Korea’s high economic growth during the industrialization period. Existing cultural approaches that tried to explain the economic development of Korea and other East Asian societies highlighted the roles of Confucianism or Asian Values. Although such approaches have received a lot of criticisms an alternative explanation has not been successfully presented. This study proposes a cognitive-motivational model to explain the micro-dynamics of economic growth in Korea in a more analytic and rigorous way. In so doing, it utilizes the discussions of cultural sociology, social psychology, and cognitive anthropology. The socialpsychological experiences and conditions that have been the basis of Korea’s economic growth are explained by dividing the determining factors into cognitive and motivational components. The paper argues that socio-ecological factors contributed to the cognitive conditions and socio-economic factors contributed to the motivational conditions; both conditions jointly created the social psychological engine for economic growth in the late 20th century South Korea.
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