중세 예능과 여성 예능인의 왕생(往生)󰠏 『헤이케모노가타리(平家物語)』 기오(祇王)설화를 중심으로

Abstract

In this paper, the life and rebirth in paradise of female entertainers were reviewed, focusing on the Gio tales in Heikemonogatari. Gio is the name of Shirabyoshi that Kiyomori loved. Gio tales are believed to have been inserted in the Heikemonogatari by the 13th century. The insertion position differs depending on the edition, but all editions set the Gio tales as an example of the bad behavior of the male protagonist Kiyomori. However, it is excessive to call his actions as evil deeds. Kiyomori can give or take away everything that has worldly value, and even has the power to kill her. The wealth and reputation gained by Kiyomori disappeared, but Gio finally gained religious awakening. Kiyomori's role in Gio tales is not the wickedness itself, but leading her to religion. Gio had a strong self-esteem as a female entertainer, which made Gio covered up for Hotoke as the same entertainer. However, after losing the love of Kiyomori, she became pessimistic about her fate as a female artist. The resentment of Hotoke disappeared after Hotoke's return to Buddhism. Hotoke's religious belief was a necessary condition for Gio's achieving spiritual enlightenment. Teno Goshiraka, who learned Imayo proved that Gio and Hotoke went to Nirvana after death. In a secular sense, the moment Kiyomori's favor disappeared, Gio's life seems to have begun to draw a downward curve. However, from a religious point of view, Gio's life begins to draw a rising curve toward enlightenment from that moment. At the point where the two curves meet, two women's happenings with Kiyomori exist. Gio and Hotoke, who are fragile female performers like wild grass, were able to go to Nirvana after death by abandoning their femininity and livelihood.