비즈니스 모델이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 조직학습의 매개효과 및 시장지향성의 조절효과 검증
The Impact of Business Model on Performance of Enterprises in Korea: Evidence of Mediating Effects of Organizational Learning and Moderating Effects of Market Orientation
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새롭고 급변하는 디지털경제 환경에서 국내외 비즈니스 모델(Business Model)에 관한 연구는 아직 초보적 단계에 머물러 있다. 본 연구는 국내 기업을 대상으로 하는 실증 연구의 부족 등 뚜렷한 연구공백의 발견에서 출발하였다. 첫째, 비즈니스 모델이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관해 103개 국내 기업들을 대상으로 실증하였다. 둘째, 비즈니스 모델의 구체적인 측정 방안을 제시하였다. 즉 선행연구를 바탕으로 효율성과 참신성을 비즈니스 모델 주제로 변수화 하였다. 셋째, 대부분의 선행연구들이 비즈니스 모델과 기업성과 사이의 직접적인 영향에 머무는 데 반해 본 연구는 매개효과와 조절효과까지 확장하여 실증하였다. 특히 조직학습을 단일 매개변수로 설정한 선행연구에서 한발 더 나아가 활용학습과 탐색학습으로 세분하였다. 그 결과, 비즈니스 모델은 두 주제 모두 기업성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 매개변수를 통한 영향은 주로 탐색학습을 통해 이루어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 시장지향성의 일부 요인(고객지향성)이 효율성 비즈니스 모델과 기업성과 사이에 유의한 조절효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 비즈니스 모델을 통한 기업성과의 제고 측면에서 기업이 선택하는 비즈니스 모델과 조직 차원에서의 학습, 그리고 조직 특성 사이에 어떠한 적합성(fit)을 도출할 수 있을지에 관한 이론적, 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.
Abstract
Studies on business models in a new and rapidly changing digital economic environment are still at an early stage. This study started from the discovery of clear research gap such as the lack of empirical studies on domestic companies. First, we examined the impact of business model on corporate performance. Second, this study presented concrete measures of business model. Third, most of the previous studies have focused on the direct impact between business models and corporate performance. However, this study has expanded to mediating effects and moderating effects. In particular, organizational learning was divided into exploitative learning and exploratory learning. As a result, both efficiency-centered & novelty-centered business model had significant effects on the corporate performance, and the mediating effect was confirmed mainly through exploratory organizational learning. In addition, we confirmed that a factor(customer orientation) of market orientation have a significant moderating effect between efficiency-centered business model and firm performance. Therefore, this study provides the theoretical and practical implications on the suitability of business models, organizational learning, and organizational characteristics in terms of enhancing corporate performance through business model.
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