泰安 馬島 4號船 出水 遺物을 통해 본 朝鮮 初 漕卒의 船上 生活

Abstract

This article describes scenes of the shipboard lives of ‘Jojol(漕卒, grain carriersailor)’ based on relics retrieved from the Taean Mado Shipwreck No.4 in 2015. This shipwreck is a grain carrier that sunk around Mado island near Taean whileit was sailing from the estuary of Geum River to the Gwangheungchang(warehouse) in Hanyang City carrying grain shipped in Naju District. The TaeanMado Shipwreck No.4 has importance in that it is the first ship from the JoseonPeriod to be discovered and also the first confirmed grain carrier in history. Many relics, such as a bamboo braid hat presumed to have been worn bythe sailors, an iron pot, spade and chopsticks, kitchen ware and a ceramic jarcontaining salted fish, were found in the shipwreck. These relics form importantdata as they make it possible to envision the lives of grain carrier sailors duringnavigation. First, the bamboo braid hat, which seems to have been worn on the headof a sailor, is identical to hats that were used frequently by sailors from theGoryeo Dynasty till the latter half of the Joseon Period. Hats like the bamboobraid hat must have been essential to avoid the sunlight and create some shadeout at sea. The iron pot retrieved from the kitchen section in the middle of the hull was about 7.92 liters, which was a proper size for cooking rice for about 10 people,given that many records have shown us that an adult man in the Joseon Periodate about 1.2 liters of rice each meal. It seems that the sailors who boardedthe grain carrier ate 0.9 liter of rice each meal and 1.8 liters per day. Whilemany chopsticks were present, no spoons were found except the spoon usedas a rice paddle. Without a problem, this can be interpreted as revealing thesocial and economic level of the grain carrier sailors at that time. It is not clear whether the yellow corvine inside the ceramic jar and the fishlike sea-bream were side dishes for the sailors or gifts meant for people inHanyang City. But it is believed that at least one of them was a side dish forthe sailors, given that Goryeo people consumed salted fish frequently asdescribed in Goryeodogyeong(『高麗圖經』) written by Suh-Geung. Space suitable for sleeping was not found in the hull of the Taean MadoShipwreck No.4. The vessel was shaped for shipping taxation grain in allcompartments excluding the kitchen section in the middle. Therefore, it seemsthat the sailors sheltered from rain and wind under the installed makeshiftpavilion. The job of grain carrier sailor was not popular because the work washard and dangerous. The route taken to Hanyang City must had been verywinding as they struggled against the unexpected sea.