고려∼조선시대 泰安半島漕運의 실태와 運河掘鑿

Abstract

Frequent marine accidents happened on the Taean Peninsula in the pre-modern era. Therefore, consistent excavation was done to safely move rice that was collected as tax in the three regions(Kyeongsangdo, Jeollado, and Cheongcheongdo) to the central city. From Goryeo Dynasty to mid-Joseon Dynasty, excavation was deployed in three places on the Taean Peninsula. The first attempt was started by King Injong(仁宗) in the Goryeo Dynasty by sending Jeong seop-myong(鄭襲明) who ordered the excavation to the boundary area between Taean and Seosan to avoid dangerous regions such as Anheongryang(安興梁), Gwanjangmok(冠丈목) and Anmyeongot(安眠串). This attempt happened in the King Yijong(毅宗) era in the Goryeo Dynasty. There were four attempts to excavate tunnels in the Gulpo(堀浦) region by Wang gang(王康) in the King Gongyang(恭讓王) era, and by Shin sook-ju(申叔舟) and An cheol-son(安哲孫) in the King Sejo(世祖) era. However, they all failed. The second attempt was tried by Go hyeong-san(高荊山) and Lee hyun(李俔) during the King Joongjong(中宗) era in the Joseon Dynasty. They excavated Yihang(蟻項) that is formed by a sand bed to avoid Gwangjangmok among the three dangerous areas mentioned above. This attempt failed as well. The third attempt was undertaken on the Anmyeon peninsular(安眠半島) to avoid Anmyeongot during the King Injo(仁祖) era in the Joseon Dynasty. Originally, the Anmyeon peninsula was long stretch south bound between the West sea and Cheonsu Bay(淺水灣) from the Taean peninsula. Anmyeongot located on the tip of the Anmyeon peninsula, as a dangerous spot, currently is called “Ssalseonkeunyeo(쌀썩은여),”which is related to the wreck of a ship that transported rice. The excavation of Anmyeongdo island(安眠島) that happened during the King Injo era was more successful than the other two. It was not an easy enterprise to excavate the tunnel during the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties because of problems below. First, there were operational problems with marine transportation systems. Jeong yak-yong(丁若鏞) points out limited technology of shipbuilding, corruption of government officers, and intentional shipwrecks of sailors as the main reasons of shipwrecks. Second, there was a disparity between the cause and the actual efficiency of tunnel excavation during the establishment of national policy. Detailed and exact investigations and plans had to be made to reduce the mistakes. However, the politicians did not anticipate problems that were caused by the local geography and unexpected situations because of political interest.