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제도의 품질과 경제성장

Institutional Quality and Economic Growth

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주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 국가의 제도품질과 경제성장간 관계를 이론적‧실증적으로 규명한다. 먼저 좋은 제도는 ‘컨센서스 빌딩’ (consensus building)을 용이하게 하여 양질의 경제정책 도입을 촉진함으로써 지속적인 성장을 견인할 수 있다는 것을 이론적으로 보인다. 이러한 사회에서는 경제주체들이 분배 등 정책 결과에 대해 수긍하기 쉽고, 이는 다시 지속적인 경제성장을 돕는 정부정책으로 이어지며 사회적 신뢰가 경제발전의 중요한 역할을 한다는 것이다. 제도품질과 경제성장 사이의 실증적 경로를 분석하기 위해 1981-2010년 기간 중 50여개 국가의 ‘통합자료’ (pooled data)를 이용하였는데, 부패와 ‘법의 지배’ (rule of law) 같은 현재의 제도품질이 높은 국가일수록 소득수준 및 경제성장률도 높다는 사실을 확인하였다. 한편 제도변수의 내생성을 해결하기 위한 도구변수로 신뢰, 민주주의와 같은 과거의 사회갈등 변수를 도입하였는데, 제도품질은 사회갈등의 효과적 관리에 의해 설명되어지는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study investigates the link between institutional quality and economic growth. Our theoretical investigation suggests that good institutions can achieve long-run economic growth by making consensus building relatively easy to promote the adoption of good economic policies. The members in such society easily accept the outcome of the economic policies. This, in turn, implies the adoption of a good economic policy that will ensure future economic growth. We employ a pooled data consisting of about 50 countries over a period of 30 years (1981-2010) and the result shows that institutional quality measured by corruption and the rule of law has a significantly positive effect on long-run economic growth. Also, introducing instrument variables to solve an endogeneity problem associated with institutional quality enables us to show that social conflict variables such as high levels of trust and democracy can be conducive to improving institutional quality.

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