한국전쟁시기 중국의 반미대중운동과 아시아 냉전

Abstract

China, during the period of the Korean War (1950-1953), widely promoted the so-called KangMeiYuanChao BaoJiaWeiGuo (抗美援朝 保家衛國, Resisting U.S. Aggression, Aiding North Korea, and Protecting China) Movement. From China’s perspective, the Korean War was nothing more than a Sino-American War; however, China believed it was necessary to recognize the U.S. as an abhorrent enemy country in order to fight against it in the form of a war. In order to change the perception and imagination of the Chinese public towards the U.S., the Chinese Communist Party established an anti-American ideology by launching the Three Viewpoints Education (三視敎育), which emphasized the idea that the Chinese should regard the U.S. with hostility and despise and condemn America. The Chinese anti-American mass movement, which largely centered on the Three Viewpoints Education, attempted to instigate hatred towards the U.S. by reconstructing the American history of Chinese invasion and recalling the suffering and anger of the Chinese people during Japanese invasion. This paper analyzes Chinese government material on the Three Viewpoints Education and a few cases ofthe mass movement. It aims to track the changes on the Chinese public imagination of America that was brought by the War to resist the U.S. and aid North Korea. In the second chapter, I studied how the public perceived and imagined the U.S. right before the Korean War, and in the following chapter, I summarized the ideas of the Three Viewpoints Education in detail. The fourth chapter highlights how the Anti-American mass movement, which was based on the Three Viewpoints Education, has unfolded in reality by studying a few cases. Under the premise that the Anti-American mass movement was a success, the last chapter examines a few problematic aspects concerning the success, and attempts to explain the relationship between the success of the Anti-American mass movement and the Cold War in Asia.