한국전쟁기 상해지역 ‘항미원조(抗美援朝)’운동의 실상과 특수성 -‘항미’(抗美)와 ‘원조’(援朝) 사이에서-

Abstract

After the Second World War, China had to undergo another war of Chinese Civil war in 1945 amid the atmosphere of the Cold War. For this reason, from 1945 to 1950 when the Korean War began, China was in an ideological and economic instability, and it needed a major event to change the atmosphere of China. Amid this situation, the Korean War began. For the Chinese Communist Party, participating in an ideological war that was taking place outside the mainland China was to help a brother nation from the internationalist point of view and it was an opportunity to resolve a chaotic atmosphere in China. Eventually, the Korean War became a means by which China could resolve the turmoil by means of the "mass mobilization using the revival of the wartime economic system". Mao Zedong, who had already overcome many difficulties by means of the mobilization of the people from the past, started the domestic mass mobilization campaign under the external slogan of 'Counter America and Assist N. Korea'. First of all, in order to eliminate the ideology of the Kuomintang, the Nationalist Party of the liberalist camp, it renovated the consciousness through the current affairs propaganda campaign and encouraged the awakened crowds to voluntarily participate in the mass mobilization movement and the patriotic commitment campaign. As a result, the 'Resist America and Assist N. Korea Movement was a mobilization movement that gave North Korea the assistance both physically and mentally, but, in terms of actual benefits and losses, the current affairs propaganda was a means to solidify the ideological foundation of the Chinese Communist Party. In the name of 'Resist America and Assist N. Korea Movement', China carried out a 'thorough ideological education for the general mass of a newly independent country and such initiative by the Chinese Communist Party is evaluated to have been successful. The same was true of the mass mobilization movement. The weapons contribution movement and the patriotic commitment campaign through the mass mobilization led to the strengthening of the military forces of the Chinese People's Army. Furthermore, the saving campaign and the production increase campaign based on patriotism under the wartime economic system also sent their economic power soaring. A state-to-state relationship proceeds in consideration of the mutual economic issues. On the surface, the relationship between China and North Korea has been known to be a blood alliance dating back to the time of the Japanese colonial rule. However, it cannot be said that China carried out the "Resist America and Assist N. Korea Movement" and sent the Chinese Voluntary Army to North Korea simply in order to protect the communist camp for the benefit of the proletarian internationalism. China also tried to help North Korea by going out of its way to organize the 'Resist America and Assist N. Korea Movement in order to sort out its domestic turbulent conditions and to solve the economic problems. At the same time, the Koreans in the Yanbian area, who thought of North Korea as their "motherland" and wanted to participate in the North Korean War, supported the Chinese People's Volunteer Army out of their patriotism, but these people in an ethnic minority in China did so because they wanted to be duly recognized as Chinese citizens.