진단과 처방의 논증 구조 <비판적 사고와 토론> 수업의 입론문 작성을 중심으로

Abstract

In this essay I research for the types and structures of the argu- mentation. I mainly analyse the constructive speech in the class of <Critical Thinking and Discussion>. The purpose of this class is to excercise the argumentative speech which is not only based on the formal logic but also the informal logic. I ascertain that all the speakers at the communication table should learn the types and structures of argumentations relevant to their own claims. I request that the speaker should clearly recognize his/her burden of proof/rebuttal according to the position of affirming/ negating the change of status quo. Therefore he/she can suggest the claim supported by the sets of the grounds, the warrants, and the backings in the forms of argumentations respectively. The speaker in the position of affirming the change should use the form of the negative argumentation in the part of description of status quo and should use the form of the positive argumentation to suggest his/her alternative/prescription. On the contrary, the speaker in the position of negating the change should use the form of the negative argumentation to refute the alternatives of the other side and should use the form of positive argumentation in the part of the description. But he/she needs not suggest his/her own alternative. After explaining the general types and structures of argumentations for the speakers in the position of affirming/negating the change entirely, I explain the complex argumentations for the speakers in the positions of the suspending, the compromise, and the supplement. At the end of this essay, I suggest the example of constructive speech of my students and my commentary on it. I hope they will be helpful to the participants of the discussion.