아동의 연령에 따른 기억책략 사용의 효율성 분석
Developmental Changes in Children's Use of Memory Strategies
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초록
본 연구는 아동의 연령에 따라 자발적인 책략 사용에 있어 효율성이 언제, 어떻게 변화하는지를 알아보았다. 연구의 대상은 5세, 7세, 9세 아동 120명으로서 분류회상과제를 실시하였다. 책략을 자발적으로 사용하지 못한 아동은 산출결여 집단으로 구분하였고, 책략을 산출하여 사용하였지만 회상이 낮은 아동은 이용결여 집단으로, 그리고 책략의 사용 결과 회상이 높은 아동은 효율 집단으로 분류하였다. 연구 결과, 학습시의 암송 책략과 인출시의 조직화 책략은 아동의 연령이 증가함에 따라 산출결여와 이용결여가 감소하면서 효율적으로 사용되어지는 것으로 나타났다. 암송 책략은 7세에 이르러 이용결여가 감소하면서 효율성이 높아졌으며, 조직화 책략도 효율성이 7세에서 증가하였으나 이용결여는 9세에 이르러서 큰 폭으로 감소하는 특징을 보였다. 또, 학습시에 단일 책략보다는 다중책략을 사용함에 따라 회상이 증가하였는데, 다중책략의 사용 비율이 9세에서 높게 나타났다. 이러한 두 가지 측면에서의 발달적 변화를 책략 사용의 효율성 측면에서 해석하였다.
Abstract
This study examined developmental changes in children's use of memory strategies. The subjects were 120 5-, 7-, and 9-year old children. All children performed sort-recall task. Children were classified as spontaneous production deficiency if they didn't use any strategy. Children were classified as utilization deficiency if they use strategies but their recall was lower than or not different from recall of those who were classified as spontaneous production deficiency. And children were classified as efficient user if they use strategies and their recall was higher than recall of those who were classified as spontaneous production deficiency. Both rehearsal and organization, utilization deficiency and spontaneous production deficiency were more common for 5-year-old than 7- or 9-year-old, whereas 7- or 9-year-old showed a tendency to belong to efficient user. With increase in age, children used multiple strategies. And those who used multiple strategies showed higher level of recall than those who used a single strategy.
참고문헌 (34)
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