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사후 오정보 유형과 맥락단서가 학령전 아동의사건기억에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Type of Misinformation and Contextual Cues on Preschool Children's Event Memory

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서 구체적 질문 시와 자유회상 시에 따라 사후 오정보 유형과 맥락단서유무가 학령 전아동의 사건기억에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 하였다. 연구의 피험자는 만 6세의 유치원 아동 111 명이었다. 아동에게 원래 정보를 제시한 후, 세 가지 오정보 유형(핵심적 사후 오정보 조건, 주변적사후 오정보 조건, 통제 조건)이 제시되었고, 2일 후 맥락단서조건(제시조건, 비제시조건)에 따라 기억을 측정하였다. 사후 오정보 유형과 맥락단서가 회상에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 이원변량분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 첫째, 구체적 질문 시의 핵심적 정보의 정반응에 대한 오정보 유형과 맥락단서의 영향은 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 구체적 질문 시의 주변적 정보의 정반응은주변적 오정보 조건의 아동이 핵심적 오정보 조건의 아동보다 낮았다. 셋째, 구체적 질문 시의 전체오반응은 오정보 유형과 맥락단서에 따른 상호작용효과가 유의하였는데, 맥락단서 제시조건에서는오정보 유형에 따른 기억에 차이가 없었으나 맥락단서 비제시조건에서는 주변적 오정보 조건이 핵심적 오정보 조건 및 통제조건보다 낮았다. 넷째, 구체적 질문 시의 유도 반응은 주변적 오정보 조건이 핵심적 오정보 조건보다 높았다. 다섯째, 맥락단서의 주효과는 자유회상의 전체 정반응에 대해서만 유의하였다. 끝으로 주요결과들에 대한 논의가 이루어졌다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of type of misinformation and contextual cues on children's event memory in cued recall and free recall situations. Subjects were 111 6-year-old preschool children. They were assigned to conditions according to type of misinformation(central, peripheral, control) and contextual cues(cue+, cue-). They were presented original information(story) and immediately misinformation were presented. After 2 days, their event memory was measured. The major results of this study are as follows. Two-way analysis of variance was performed. First, memory of central information was not different by type of misinformation and contextual cue in cued recall. Second, memory of peripheral information of peripheral misinformed group was lower than that of central misinformed and control group in cued recall. Third, there was significant interaction effect by type of misinformation and contextual cues in total incorrect memory in cued recall. In contextual cue+ condition, memory was not different by type of misinformation, but in contextual cue- condition, memory of peripheral memory of peripheral misinformed group was lower than that of central misinformed group. Fourth, Induced incorrect response of peripheral misinformed group was higher than that of central misinformed group in cued recall. Fifth, main effect of contextual cue was signigicant in total correct memory in free recall only. Finally, discussion on the main results of this study was described.

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