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사건 회상에서 모델링 인지 면접의 효율성 : 4세와 6세 아동을 대상으로

The efficiency of Modeling Cognitive Interview on the recall of event memory for 4- and 6-year-old children

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 나이 어린 아동의 사건 목격에 대한 회상의 정확성이 연령과 면접 방법에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지를 알아보고, 기억의 정확성을 향상시키는 전략들을 모색해보려는 것이다. 인지심리학의 실험실 원리에 토대를 둔 인지 면접에 모델링 절차를 첨가하여(모델링 인지 면접) 나이 어린 아동들의 사건기억 회상의 정확성을 향상시키려는 것이다. 215명의 4세와 6세 아동들은 각자의 교실에서 낯선이의 방문사건을 경험한 직후에, 모델링 인지 면접이나 표준 면접을 개별적으로 받았다. 그 결과, 6세 아동들은 4세 아동들보다 정반응을 더 많이 하였고, 모델링 인지 면접은 표준 면접보다 4세와 6세 아동들 모두 정반응을 더 하였으며, 오반응은 훨씬 덜 하였다. 또한 모델링 인지 면접은 전체 회상량 중 최고 85%까지 정확성을 나타냈다. 이는, 모델링 절차를 결합한 인지 면접이 표준 면접보다 나이 어린 아동들의 사건 목격에 대한 회상의 정확성을 향상시켰을 뿐 아니라 오반응을 감소시키는 데에 효과적임을 시사한다. 이상의 결과들로부터 4세와 6세 아동의 기억의 정확성은 전체 회상한 정보 중 최대한 85% 정도 신뢰로울 수 있으며, 모델링 인지 면접은 4세와 6세 정도의 나이 어린 아동들의 사건 기억의 회상을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 법적 장면에서 아동들에게 사용될 수 있는 면접절차로서 유용성에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

The goal of the present study is to examine the effect of Modeling Cognitive Interview to improve the accuracy of children's event memory recall. Cognitive interview is a memory retrieval procedure based on laboratory principles of cognitive psychology. To improve younger children's recall, a modeling procedure added before cognitive interview, and ‘change perspective’(a retrieval technique in the cognitive interview) is excluded. After 215 of 4- and 6-year-old children had a “stranger’s visit”, modeling cognitive interview or standard interview were conducted with regard to the stranger's visit. In general, 6-year-old children generated significantly better correct information than 4-year-old group. With modeling cognitive interview, both age group produced greater accuracy with regard to correct informations (up to 85% in accuracy), and generated less incorrect information. The results imply that modeling cognitive interview improves the accuracy of younger children's recall and reduces incorrect responses. In short, the accuracy of children of 4- and 6-year-old children's event memory recall is about 76∼85%, and modeling cognitive interview enhances younger children's event memory recall. The usefulness of the modeling cognitive interview with young children, especially in forensic setting, is discussed in the end.

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