아동의 정교화 책략훈련 효과 및 이용결여 현상
Training Effects and Utilization Deficiency of Elaboration Strategy
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본 연구는 정교화 책략 훈련을 실시하여 훈련 효과를 살펴보고, 정교화 책략을 획득해가는 과정에서 이용결여 현상이 나타나는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 초등학교 1, 3, 5학년 각 학년에서 30명씩 총 90명으로서 각 학년에서 동수로 훈련 집단과 통제 집단에 무선 배정하였다. 연구 결과, 정교화 책략 사용을 통하여 훈련 집단 아동이 통제 집단 아동보다 회상 수준에 향상을 보임으로써 책략 훈련의 효과가 나타났다. 그러나 책략을 지속적으로 사용하는 능력에는 연령차가 있었는데 3학년과 5학년은 4시행까지 정교화 책략을 지속적으로 사용한 반면, 1학년은 4시행에서 정교화 책략 사용 수준이 매우 낮았다. 한편, 5학년은 훈련 이후부터 4시행까지 정교화 책략 사용과 회상 수준이 높아 정교화 책략이 과제 수행에 효율적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 반해, 3학년은 4시행까지 정교화 책략을 지속적으로 사용했으나 4시행에서의 회상 수준은 기초선 수행 수준과 차이가 없었다. 이와 같이 3학년에서 나타난 정교화 책략 사용의 비효과성을 이용결여 측면에서 해석하였다.
Abstract
This study examined training effects and utilization deficiency in the development of elaboration strategy. Ninety 1st-, 3rd-, and 5th- grade children were sampled. And they were randomly assigned to training group or control group. All children performed four trials using different list with unrelated word pairs. At first trial, the baseline of recall was measured before training. One day after the first trial, training group were trained to use a verbal elaboration. And then all children received recall tests on second and third trials consecutively. Three days after the third trial, the fourth trial was carried to assess the maintenance of elaboration. Results showed that recall significantly increased after training. Third grade children used the strategy but did not gain benefit in recall relative to an earlier baseline at fourth trial. This result was discussed in terms of utilization deficiency.
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