의도의 중요도와 인지적 자원 요구가 아동의 미래계획 기억 발달에 미치는 영향
The effects of perceived importance of intention and cognitive resource demanding on the development of children's prospective memory
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본 연구는 5세, 7세, 9세 아동을 대상으로 의도의 중요도 지각과 인지적 자원 요구 수준이 미래계획 기억 발달에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 의도의 중요도 지각이 미래계획 기억 발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 그 결과, 연령 수준이 높아지고 의도의 중요도 지각이 높을수록 미래계획 기억 수행이 높아졌다. 실험 2에서는 의도의 중요도 지각이 높음에도 불구하고 미래계획 기억 수행이 실패하는 원인을 찾기 위해 실시되었다. 그 결과, 인지적 자원 요구 수준이 높을수록 미래계획 기억 수행이 유의미하게 낮았다. 이는 인지적 자원 요구 수준이 높을수록 단기 기억 용량이 감소됨을 의미한다. 본 연구 결과, 의도의 중요도 지각이 높은 것은 미래계획 기억 수행에 중요하다. 그러나, 두 가지 혹은 그 이상의 과제를 수행하기 위해서는 의도를 중요한 것으로 지각하는 것만으로는 충분하지 않기 때문에, 일정 수준의 인지적 능력이 과제 수행을 위한 주의적 자원을 분산시켜야 할 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the level of perceived importance of the intention and of the level of cognitive resource demanding on the development of performance for the prospective memory. Five, seven, and nine-year old children participated. The 1st experiment was designed to examine the effects of the level of perceived importance of intention. As a result, the prospective memory became significantly higher with age and with the perceived important of intention. The 2nd experiment was designed to find out the causes of the failure of performing the prospective memory even when the perceived important of intention was high. As a result, the higher the level of cognitive resource demanding was, the lower the prospective memory was. This result was interpreted as that the more cognitive resource demanding was, the more short-term capacity decreased. The present results suggest that perceived importance of intention is important for the success of prospective memory, but perceived important of intention is not enough to perform two or more task, thus a certain level of cognitive abilities is needed to distribute attentional resource for the tasks.
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