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유아의 놀이행동 유형에 미치는 실행기능의 영향: 과제지향행동과 교사-유아 관계의 조절된 매개효과

The Influence of Children’s Executive Function on Play Behavior Type: Moderated Mediation Effect of Task-Focused Behavior and Teacher-Child Relationship

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초록

본 연구는 만 4-5세 유아의 놀이행동 유형에 미치는 실행기능의 영향에서 과제지향행동과 교사-유아 관계의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울과 경기 소재 유아교육기관에 재원 중인 유아 107명과 해당 유아의 어머니 107명, 교사 72명을 대상으로 유아의 놀이행동, 실행기능, 과제지향행동, 교사-유아 관계에 관한 자료를 수집하였고, 종속변수에 미치는 영향력을 통제하기 위해 유아발달수준을 공변인으로 설정하였다. 연구자료는 SPSS 25.0과 SPSS Process Macro 4.0(Hayes, 2022)을 이용하여 매개효과, 조절효과, 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 주요 연구결과는 첫째, 유아의 실행기능과 사회적 놀이의 관계를 과제지향행동이 완전매개하였다. 둘째, 유아의 실행기능이 사회적 놀이, 거친 놀이, 방관자적 놀이에 미치는 영향을 교사-유아 친밀감이 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 유아의 실행기능이 과제지향행동을 통해 거친 놀이에 미치는 경로에서 과제지향행동에 대한 교사-유아 친밀감의 조절된 매개효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 교사-유아 친밀감 수준에 따라 실행기능과 과제지향행동이놀이행동에 미치는 효과가 다르게 작용함을 확인하였다. 따라서 놀이행동 유형마다 유아의 참여 수준에 영향을 끼치는 실행기능과 교사-유아 관계의 중요성을 강조하였다.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine moderated mediation effect according to the task-focused behavior and teacher-child relationship on the influence of children’s executive function on play behavior type. The participants included 107 children(aged 4-5 years) and their mothers, and 72 teachers. Mediation(Model 4), moderation(Model 1), and moderated mediation (Model 15) models were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS macro 4.0 programs(Hayes, 2022). The study shows, first, task-focused behavior mediated the relationship between children's executive function and social play behavior. Second, the teacher-child intimacy moderated the effects of the children’s executive function on the social play, rough-tumble play, and reticent play. Third, the indirect effect of executive function through children’s task-focused behavior on rough-tumble play was moderated by teacher-child intimacy. These results suggest that the effect of the executive function on the play type through task-focused behavior is different according to the level of teacher-child intimacy. Therefore, the importance of the children’s executive function and teacher-child relationship that influences the level of participation of children in play behavior type was emphasized.

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