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바젤레짐과 자본 적정성의 딜레마: 세계은행 데이터(2019) 분석

A Dilemma of Basel Regime and Capital Adequacy: An Evidence from World Bank Survey(2019)

변영학
동아시아국제정치학회 (The East Asian Association Of International Studies (Eaais))|2021.09|국제정치연구 (THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)|제24권 제3호|pp. 31-61|DOI https://doi.org/10.15235/jir.2021.09.24.3.31

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참고문헌

키워드

바젤협약financial regulationfinancial supervision금융규제금융감독자본적정성자본건전성capital adequacycapital soundnessBasel Capital Accord
주제분류정치외교학

초록

왜 어떤 나라의 금융시스템은 자본 적정성 유지를 통해 금융위기에 대한 면역력을 강화하는 반면, 다른 나라는 그렇지 못하여 금융 실패를 경험하는가? 본 연구는 세계은행의 데이터를 활용하여, 국제자본과 정부의 개입, 바젤레짐의 참여/준수가 160개국의 자본 적정성에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 첫째 외국계 자본이 일국 은행시스템의 총자산에서 차지하는 비율이높으면 자본 적정성은 향상된다. 둘째 엄격한 바젤협약에 가입할수록 레버리지 효과가 줄어들기 때문에 각국의 선택은 바젤협약의 최소 자본적정성 비율(10.5%)을 지키되 그 이상의 자본적정성의 여유분은 줄이는 경향이 있다. 셋째 일국 은행시스템에서 정부가 소유/통제하는 자산의 비율이 높을수록 자본 적정성이 증가한다.

Abstract

Why do some countries secure immunity to financial crises by rational risk and capital adequacy management while others do not thereby facing crises? Employing World Bank’s survey data, this study analyzed effects of foreign capital flow, governments’ financial involvement, and compliance to Basel Regime on capital adequacy ratios in 160 countries. The results showed as follows: 1) if foreign capital as percentage of banking systems’ total asset increases, capital adequacy ratio gets enhanced; 2) as compliance to more strict version of Basel Accords decreases benefits of leverage effect on the part of bankers, each country tends to choose to reduce capital adequacy ratios while keeping the minimum requirement(10.5%) imposed by the Basel Committee; 3) if a government’s share of total asset in banking sector increases, the capital adequacy gets improved.

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