멕시코의 중견국 외교: 대미 종속과 경제-안보 복합의 딜레마
Mexico’s Foreign Policy as a Middle Power: Confronting its Dependence on the U.S. and the Dilemma of the Economy–Security Nexus
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본 논문은 멕시코 중견국 외교의 성격과 한계를 분석한다. 이를 위해 국제체제의 구조, 지정학적 위치, 그리고 경제위기와 민주화를 비롯한 국내적 변화가 멕시코의 중견국 외교에 미친 영향과 외교정책의 변화 양상을 추적한다. 슈퍼 파워인 미국과 약소국 중남미 국가들 사이에 위치한 멕시코는 냉전시기까지 주권존중, 불간섭주의에 바탕을 둔 방어적이고 원칙주의적인 외교정책을 견지해 왔다. 그러나 탈냉전의 국제체제 상의 구조적 변화와 국내적인 경제위기 및 민주화는 멕시코가 미국과의 경제적 통합과 안보문제 해결을 위해 미국과 협력적 외교정책을 추진하도록 만들었다. 이러한 미국 일변도의 외교정책은 결과적으로 경제적 대미 종속과 국내체제의 불안정, 라틴 아메리카 지역으로부터의 외교적 소외로 이어졌으며, 멕시코는 이를 극복하기 위해 다자주의와 적극주의, 그리고 남과 북을 잇는 가교로서의 역할을 강조하는 새로운 중견국 외교의 추진을 모색하고 있다.
Abstract
This study intends to investigate the characteristics and limitations of Mexico’s middle power diplomacy by analyzing the effects of international systems, geopolitical situations, political democratization, and economic crises on the formation and evolution of the country’s foreign policies. Mexico, which is located between a global superpower (U.S.) in the north and several small powers (Central America) in the south, had maintained a defensive and principled diplomatic strategy by respecting the principles of national sovereignty and non-interventionism during the Cold War. However, changing international systems and multiple factors—such as economic crises, political democratization, and public security problems—led to a transformation in Mexico’s foreign policies as it began economic integration and cooperation with the U.S. to solve these issues. Its pro-American foreign policies have culminated in its economic dependence on the U.S., internal political instability, and diplomatic isolation from other countries in Latin America. To overcome these problems, Mexico is now undertaking a strategy of active middle power diplomacy characterized by multilateralism, and focusing on acting as a liaison between the North and the South.
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