비전통적 안보담론의 문제점: 멕시코 바이오에너지법(2008) 제정 과정에서 에너지-식량 안보의 갈등을 중심으로
Non-traditional Security Thesis and Its Problems: Focus on Mexico's Bio-Energy Act(2008)
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이 연구는 에너지와 식량의 두 중요 가치가 선진 발전국가와는 대조적으로 개발도상국에서는 대외 취약적 사회경제 구조로 인해 정책적으로 동시에 추구되지 못하고, 두 영역 간 충돌이 발생할 수 있음을 안보 차원에서 해석한다. 이를 위해 멕시코의 바이오에너지법 제정 사례를 중심으로 에너지 안보와 식량 안보 간의 갈등을 분석한다. 멕시코의 바이오에너지법 제정 사례는 에너지 안보와 식량 안보라는 두 비전통적 안보 영역의 갈등이 멕시코의 대외 취약적 구조에서 비롯되고 있음을 잘 보여준다. 멕시코에서 국가 안보 및 발전을 위한 정책이 에너지와 식량의 두 핵심 가치를 포괄하지 못하고 비교 우위에 의한 선택적 정책 결정이 이루어질 수밖에 없는 것이다. 탈냉전기에 두드러지는 비전통적 안보 담론의 논의는 선진국 중심의 안보 개념의 확대 논의 차원으로만 환원하기 어렵다. 국제 관계에서 선진국에 경제적, 정책적으로 의존적인 개발도상국이 가진 내부 구조의 취약적 특성을 고려해 비전통 안보담론의 적용 가능성과 한계를 인식할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
This research examines how two core values of state, energy and food are opposed to each other due to the respective external vulnerability, focusing on the case of Mexico’s Bioenergy Law enactment. With the end of the Cold War, the new security studies are concerned with non-military threats to the safety of various societies, groups, and individuals, in contrast to the traditional approaches related to military threats. These studies are activated along with the discussion of broadening the security concept. The main point from this research is not on the common security concept, but on the concept understood and shared in developing countries. The characteristics of the security problems that faced developing countries differ from the pattern of security faced by developed countries. The dimensions of the security problems, and of the concept of security in developing countries are, therefore, very different from those applied to the developed. The internal peculiarity of developing countries in which the discord among respective security sectors can be brought about, is connected with the foreign dependence structure. In the middle of worldwide tendency of accelerating the bioenergy production, Mexico passed Bioenergy Promotion and Development Law in 2008 as a legal and institutional system for the advance in bioenergy market. However, while Mexico hopes to maintain its energy self-sufficiency by developing the new source of energy, it attained an unexpected result that it deteriorates the crisis of corn food supply as the corn is used in bioenergy production. With the expectation of improvement of energy self-sufficiency and development of the nation that the law is supposed to bring, Mexico is in trouble of both energy development and food shortage. That is, two security problems are presented to Mexico as alternative policy options due to the opposition of interest. Conclusively, a conflict between Energy Security and Food Security in developing countries can be explained by the vulnerability to the impact of external fluctuations or shocks. Thus, I emphasize that there is a limit to apply the developed countries-centered concept of security to the security environment in developing countries.
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