『깟짜야나 문법』의 Samāsa장 분석을 통한 빠알리어 복합어 연구

Abstract

This paper analyzes the Samāsakappa(the Chapter of Compounds) of Kaccāyana-vyākaraṇa, hereinafter referred to as KV, for the overall understanding of the Pāli compounds. The group dealing with compounds in KV is the Samāsakappa, which consists of 28 grammatical rules from KV318 to KV345. This Samāsakappa is an independent chapter, but is also included in a large category as Nāmakappa(the Chapter of Nouns). The fact that the compound falls into the category of ‘noun’ means that the vibhatti(case terminations) can be applied after the compounds and can be treated as a noun in the morphological procedure. The literal meaning of samāsa is ‘combining together, conjoining’, but in the context of Pāli grammar, samāsa generally means ‘compounds,’. According to KV, samāsa denotes combining of the meanings of nouns. The interrelationship between constituent words of compounds is not revealed apparently because the case termination after compounds is eliminated in the process of forming the compound. According to the interrelationship of these constituent words, the six compounds, that is, abyayībhāva, kammadhāraya, digu, tappurisa, bahubbīhi, and dvanda are classified. Identifying the context before and after is important for accurate interpretation of compounds, but it is also essential to distinguish and understand these six compounds. Therefore, this paper examines the category and composition of the Samāsakappa, the definition of samāsa, the common procedure of compounds, the definitions of six compounds, the etymological meaning of each example compound, and the origin of the Pāli terms of the six compounds. The words, digu, tappurisa, and bahubbīhi are compounds belonging to this very type of compounds, and have become the terms representing this type of compounds. And abyayībhāva, kammadhāraya, and dvanda are words that describe the characteristic aspects of the compounds, so they have become the terms of compounds. The Pāli terms of the Pāli compounds presented in KV, is an intuitive term that makes it easy to think of the concept of six compounds. And the etymological meaning that KV presents for each example compounds is a key of understanding the interrelationship of constituent words of compounds. In this respect, it can be said that the study of Pāli compounds through KV is more accessible to Pāli compounds.