빠알리어 접미사 tūna, tvāna, tvā에 관한 연구 __『깟짜야나 문법』, 『목갈라나 문법』, 『삿다니띠』를 중심으로__

Abstract

Words with the suffixes, ~tūna, ~tvāna, ~tvā often appears in Pāli Canon and western scholars have called them gerund, indeclinable (past) participle, or absolutive. This paper aims to study the abbreviation, grammatical category, function, and substitution of these Pāli suffixes, namely, tūna, tvāna, tvā, focused on the relevant rules of Kaccāyana-vyākaraṇa(KV), Moggallāna-vyākaraṇa(MV), Saddanīti(Sadd). The suffixes tūna, tvāna, tvā in three grammar texts are abbreviated to tūnādayo(tūna etc.), tūnādayo belongs to kita, a class of suffixes that are applied directly to the verbal root to form primary derivatives. These derivatives are indeclinables that do not belong to the category of ‘noun’ that is declinable. The main function of tūnādayo is to express the preceding action in time. Out of two or more actions performed by one doer, tūnādayo are applied after the verbal root denoting the preceding action, and the words with this suffix are mainly translated into ‘having done’ and ‘after doing’. With regard to the secondary functions, the suffixes are used to denote the concurrent action of one doer, the future action than the main verb, the preceding action of different doers, or cause, but the frequency of use is low. And those suffixes are sometimes substituted by ya, acca, svāna, svā, mma, yha, jja, bbha, and ddha in some cases. With regard to the grammatical rules related to the subject of this study, KV presents main function along with various examples, MV uses questions and answers to enable a good understanding of the function of rules, and Sadd specifically presents various ranges of use, therefore it was possible to examine tūnādayo in various ways of the three grammar texts. As the final process of this study, both suitability and fallacy of the modern term of words ending in tūnādayo were examined, through this process, the grammatical range and feature of words ending in tūnādayo became manifest. And one thing is clear that the suffix-centered description in KV, MV, Sadd regarding the grammatical topics such as tūnādayo are more accessible than to try to correspond to existing English or Korean grammatical categories.