자폐성 장애인의 낙인화 - 자폐성 장애인을 자녀로 둔 부모의 인식과 대응
Parental Perceptions and Responses on Stigmatization of Their Offsprings in Parents of Children with Autistic Disorder
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본 연구는 자폐성 장애인의 부모가 인식한 장애인 자녀의 낙인화와 이런 낙인 상황에 대한부모의 대응을 탐색하였다. 자폐성 장애인을 자녀로 둔 부모 10명과 개별 면접을 실시하였으며, 근거이론의 지속적 비교분석(constant comparative analysis) 방법을 통해 면접 내용을분석한 결과 23개의 하위범주와 6개의 범주가 도출되었다. 낙인화의 내용으로는 고정관념,분리와 배제, 명시적 차별이라는 범주가 추출되었으며, 부모의 대응에서는 일부 회피와 수용및 다양한 저항 전략-낙인 상황의 거부, 대책 요구, 계몽, 집단적 대응이 범주로서 파악되었다, 또한 장애의 사회적 모델과 일맥상통하는 저항의 논리기반이라는 범주가 도출되었다. 본연구를 통해 자폐성 장애인에 대한 낙인과 차별을 근절할 수 있는 대중교육 및 반차별 인식향상을 위한 장애인 부모교육, 전문가의 반차별적 실천을 위한 다양한 실천지침과 교육, 발달장애인 서비스 확대가 요구됨을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study investigated how people with autistic disorder are stigmatized,through exploring the perceptions of their parents, and how parents respondedto the stigmatizing situations. This study employed the individual interviewsinvolving 10 parents of children with autistic disorder, and used constant comparativeanalysis of grounded theory for analyzing data. Three themes emerged on parental perceptions of the stigmatization of theirchildren, including a) stereotyping, b) separative and exclusive attitudes ofothers, c) discrimination. Parental responses about the stigmatizing situationsinvolved three themes, which included a) some management strategies of stigma,like avoidance and adjustment, b) diverse resistant strategies, like not acceptingstigmatizing remarks and behaviors, requesting support, improving disabilityawareness of people, and encouraging collective responses of parents, c) socialmodel of disability as a grounded perspectives for resistance of parents. This study suggested some mass education and parent education which istargeted for eradicating the discrimination against people with disabilities andraising parental consciousness of anti-discrimination, kinds of guidelines andmeasures for promoting the anti-discriminatory practice of education and socalwork professionals, and governmental effort for developing quality service systemfor people with autistic disorder.
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