공해전투 Vs. 반접근 지역거부 : 미중 군사대결구도의 변화와 남중국해에서의 대립
ASB Vs. A2/AD : Changes of U.S.-China Military Competition Structure and Confrontation in the South China Sea
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초록
본 연구는 남중국해 일대에서 벌어지는 미중간 분쟁의 배경에 주목한다. 최근 남중국해 일대에서 미중간 군사적 충돌이 더욱 빈번해지는 이유는 무엇인가? 이 질문에 대한 해답을 찾는 이 논문의 핵심은 미중간 대립구도 변화로 인해 양국간 군사경쟁영역이 확장되고 있다는 것이다. 그 이유는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대만 해협에서 미중의 군사적 영향력 구도가 변화하였다. 중국의 영향력이 강해졌으며, 상대적으로 미국의 영향력은 약해졌다. 따라서 중국은 남중국해 일대까지 그 영향력을 확대할 수 있는 여건을 마련하였으며, 미국 역시 이 일대를 중심으로 재균형 전략을 펴고 있다. 둘째, 이러한 영향력 구도의 변화는 양국의 군사전략 변화로 연결되었다. 공해전투와 반접근 영역거부로 요약되는 양국의 군사전략은 남중국해 일대를 중심으로 새로운 형태의 대결구도를 만들어 내고 있다.
Abstract
This research focuses on the background of the conflicts between the United States and China regarding the South China Sea. It particularly investigates the reasons of escalating tensions between the two countries involving maritime issues. The main argument of the paper is that the core reason for tension is caused by the changes in dynamics within the competition between the two powers—which eventually leads to competitive military expansion. The first evidence supporting the argument is that structure of U.S-China military influence within the Taiwan Straits has changed. With the gradually increasing power, the Chinese now have more freedom in expressing their influence in the South China Sea. This leads to changes in U.S. rebalancing strategy to reclaim the dominance in the region. The second evidence is that the change in influential structure between the two is closely linked to changes in military strategy. The military strategy which can be summarized as Air-Sea Battle and Anti-Access Area-Denial is eventually composing a new type of confrontational structure within the South China Sea region.
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