과정지향심리학 기반 청소년 학교적응 향상 집단상담 프로그램 개발과 검증
The Development and Verification of a Group Counseling Program Based on the Process Oriented Psychology to Improve School Adjustment for Adolescents
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본 연구의 목적은 과정지향심리학을 기반으로 청소년의 학교적응 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고 효과성을 검증하는 것이었다. 천세영, 양명숙(2018)의 연구에서 청소년들을 대상으로 개발된 프로그램Ⅰ의 후속 프로그램으로서 프로그램Ⅱ를 개발하였고, 프로그램Ⅰ과Ⅱ를 하나의 연계 통합 프로그램으로서 제시하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 연구대상은 D시 소재 고등학교에서 모집된 자발적 참여 학생 66명이었고, 실험집단 4개, 통제집단 4개로 구성하여 이질집단 전후검사설계(nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design)를 하였다. 연구절차는 김창대 외(2011)의 개발모형에 따라 기획, 구성, 실시, 평가 총 4단계, 세부적으로 총 9단계를 거쳐 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 검증 결과, 본 프로그램의 개입을 통해 청소년의 학교적응, 회복탄력성, 갈등해결기초능력이 향상되었다. 연구의의는 청소년들이 프로그램Ⅰ을 통해 자신이 경험하는 문제들과 발달학적 변화를 과정지향적으로 이해하고 성장을 위한 긍정적인 경험으로 수용하여 유연하게 대처할 수 있고, 프로그램Ⅱ를 통해 자신들이 경험하는 문제들과 갈등을 자기 내면부터 관계, 그룹, 체계 차원에서 조정 및 해결하는 방법을 배우고, 다양성을 존중하며, 이를 삶으로 확장하여 적용할 수 있는 가능성들을 보여주었다. 이에 과정지향심리학을 기반으로 개발된 프로그램Ⅰ,Ⅱ는 청소년들의 학교적응 향상뿐만 아니라, 궁극적으로 그들이 한 존재로서 전인적인 성장을 할 수 있도록 조력하는 집단상담 프로그램으로서의 효과가 검증되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a group counseling program to improve adolescents' school adjustment based on process-oriented psychology and to verify the effectiveness. Program II was developed as a follow-up program to Program I developed for adolescents in the study of Cheon & Yang (2018), and Program I and II were presented as one linked and integrated program and their effectiveness was verified. The subjects of this study were 66 students who participated voluntarily from 4 high schools located in D city, and consisted of 4 experimental groups and 4 control groups. This quasi experimental study employed a pretest-post test nonequivalent control group design. According to the development model of Kim, et al. (2011), the research procedure went through a total of 4 stages including planning, composing, implementing, and evaluating, and 9 stages in detail to develop the program and verify its effectiveness. As a result of the verification, adolescents' school adjustment, resilience, and conflict resolution basic skills were improved through the intervention of this program. The research implications are as follows. Through Program I, adolescents could respond flexibly by understanding the problems and developmental changes they experience in process-oriented approach and embracing them as positive experiences for growth. Through Program Ⅱ, students learned how to mediate and resolve the problems or the conflicts they experience at the levels of inner, relationships, groups, and systems, and to respect diversity, and showed the possibility of applying it to life. Accordingly, programs I and II, developed as a group counseling program based on process-oriented psychology for adolescents, were verified not only to improve school adjustment but also to help adolescents ultimately grow as a being as a whole.
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