조선 초기 명사(明使) 영접의례의 전개와 『번국의주(藩國儀注)』의 위상

Abstract

In the early Chosŏn Dynasty, the government designed and conducted the receiving ceremony to Ming’s edicts in consideration of the suzerain-vassal relation with Ming and the issues of new state’s building. ‘Etiquettes for Vassal States’, sent to the late Koryo Dynasty from Ming and assembled as the book Beonguk-euiju in King Taejong’s reign, had played an essential role during this period. Firstly, the government established the receiving ceremony by copying Beonguk-euiju as well as partially adapting it out of operational necessity and their comprehension to the symbolic meanings of the etiquettes. Secondly, despite the adaption, from King Sejong’s reign the government presented Beonguk-euiju as criteria in discussions on the receiving ceremony. On one hand, Beonguk-euiju, described as an authority which was received from Zhu Yuanzhang-the founder of Ming and had been consistently applied since Chosŏn’s foundation, turned into a part of ancestor’s laws that integrated with Chosŏn’s conventional decency and diplomatic history. Thus regulations like king’s bowing or using a sedan chair when receiving emperor’s rescripts gained legitimacy through the reference to Beonguk-euiju although they were not declared in it. On the other hand, based on the thorough understanding of Beonguk-euiju, the etiquette makers appropriated the text as an ritual resource. For example, in the discussion on the order of receiving different edicts or the person who offers insence, the government invoked Beonguk-euiju as one of the reference opinions and for solving immediate problems, did not adopt its regulations. By accommodating and appropriating Beonguk-euiju that came from Ming, Chosŏn Dynasty retained its right of self-determination in the development of the receiving ceremony.