고려말기⋅조선초기 迎詔儀禮에 관한 새로운 이해 모색 -『蕃國儀注』의 소개와 복원-

Abstract

『Beon’guk Euiju(蕃國儀注)』 was essentially a textbook for the Korean people in their diplomatic dealings with Ming and their observing of rituals that accompanied such relationship. It was rather, however, completely neglected in past studies. It was printed in Ming in 1370(3rd year of the Hongmu era). Unlike previous dynasties, the Ming government created ritual protocols that were to be observed by the vassal states[蕃國] in their greetings and honoring of Ming. 『Beon’guk Euiju contains such protocols, such as ‘Beon’guk Jeobjo Euiju(蕃國接詔儀注, protocol for a Vassal state greeting an Edict)’, ‘Beon’guk Su’inmul Euiju(蕃國受印物儀注, protocol for a Vassal state receiving seals and items from Ming), ‘Beon’guk Jeongdan Dongji Seongsu Soljung-gwan Mang’gweol Haeng’rye Euiju(蕃國正旦冬至 聖壽率衆官望闕行禮儀注, protocol for a Vassal state standing toward the Chinese palace and pay respect on special occasions)’, and ‘Beon’guk Jinha Pyojeon Euiju(蕃國進賀表箋儀注, protocol for a Vassal state forwarding a royal correspondence to the Ming court).’ It was never published because Ming needed it, but rather because it had to be offered to Goryeo at its request. Ming-related diplomatic protocols in the ending days of Goryeo and early days of Joseon were all based upon 『Beon’guk Euiju』. A version that was based upon 『Beon’guk Euiju』 yet modified to fit Goryeo-specific situations was devised at the end of Goryeo, and it is now inserted in the Protocol section of 『Goryeo-sa』 under the title of “Rituals For Ming(‘對 明儀禮’).” The situation was no different in the Joseon dynasty’s early days, and devising new protocols based upon 『Beon’guk Euiju』 was in progress as well. As 『Beon’guk Euiju』 does not remain with us today, attempted in this article is its reconstruction, and especially the ‘蕃國接詔儀注.’ The result shows very little difference from the contents of the chapter of the same name inside 『Dae’myeong Jib’rye』, except for some minor differences such as 『Beon’guk Euiju』’s ‘跪左膝三叩頭’ and 『Dae’myeong Jib’rye’s ‘三拱手加額.’ Comparison made between 『Beon’guk Euiju』(‘蕃國接詔儀 注’) and the ‘Yeong Daemyeong Josa-eui(迎大明詔使儀)’ in 『Goryeo-sa』, lets us know that the latter was essentially based upon the former, with a few modifications of certain portions that would seem odd if left as recorded to concern Goryeo. Some of the records are even abbreviated