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인구의 수도권 집중 현상이 우리나라 경제성장에 미치는 영향 분석: 수출과의 관계를 중심으로

The Impact of Population Concentration in the Seoul Metropolitan Area on Economic Growth of Korea: Focusing on the Relationship with Exports

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주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 우리나라의 수도권 인구집중 현상이 경제성장에 미치는 영향을 1990년부터 2022년까지의 연별 자료와 Autoregressive Distributed Lag 모형을 통해 분석을 시행하였다. 분석 결과 우리나라의 노동 투입, 자본 투입, 수출, 수도권 인구집중, 수출과 수도권 인구집중의 상호작용항그리고 GDP 간에는 장기 균형 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 장기에 수출과 수출과 수도권 인구집중의 상호작용항은 우리나라 경제성장에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 수도권인구집중은 부정적인 영향이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 수도권 인구집중이 직접적으로 경제성장에 미치는 영향과 수도권 인구집중 수준을 고려한 수출의 경제성장 효과를 종합적으로 고려하면, 수도권 인구집중은 장기에 우리나라의 경제성장에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 수도권 집중화로 인한 도시화의 집적 이익 및 규모의 경제 이익보다는 불이익이 더 크게 나타나고 있다는 의미이다. 그러므로 수도권 집중화로 인한 문제를 해결하는 것이 우리나라의 장기적인 성장을 도모할 수 있는데 중요한 요인이며, 이를 해결하기 위한 한 방법은 지역의 거점 도시 육성을 통한 지방 균형 발전 계획의 수립일 것이다.

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of population concentration in the Seoul metropolitan area on the economic growth of Korea using data from 1990 to 2022 and an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. Our results show that labor, capital, exports, population concentration, exports, the interaction between population concentration and exports, and GDP have a long-run relationship. In the long-run, while exports and the interaction term between population concentration and exports have a positive effect on GDP in Korea, population concentration has a negative effect on GDP. The total effect of population concentration and the interaction effect between population concentration and exports on GDP are negative. These results indicate that population concentration causes diseconomies, rather than economies of scale. Thus, solving the population concentration problem is important for sustainable growth in Korea. One possible way to solve this problem is estabilishing regional large cities for balanced regional development.

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