일본의 화원이 남긴 정사(正使) 기선(騎船)의 구조 연구 - 10~11차 사행 정사(正使) 기선(騎船)을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Records of Joseon Tongsa listed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register include many painting materials drawn by Korean and Japanese painters. This study introduces materials depicting the Tongsinsa fleet among these painting materials and examines the structure, form, function, and performance of the kisun (envoy ship) that Jeongsa rode in the 10th and 11th envoy visits from the perspective of professional engineer shipbuilding. The result of the study showed that 'Jeongsa-Kisun (senior envoy ship)' was mainly composed of the main deck, bow (bow plate, stem plate), stern (stern plate), Sampan, Meonge (support), Garyong (support), Sinbang, Gungji, deck, two masts and sail, Gurejjak (mast support), Panok, stern Panok, Taru, dodger, anchor reel, stairs, rail, rudder, oar, and anchor. In addition, nails, wooden nails, and iron nails were used together for connection. It is also found that the sail was made of herbage and cotton. The document indicated that the vessel navigated through the Korean Strait and Seto Inland Sea with two sails, one made of herbage and the other of cotton. During the long journey from Busan to Osaka, the 'Panok structure' was installed on the board to protect the sailors and as a resting place for the envoys was checked every time. The rope was made using mountain hemp or sunnhemp, or by twisting hemp skins soaked in lye water and steamed in a pot. Furthermore, the ship was decorated with a fancy pattern of Dancheong (a traditional Korean pattern) to show the symbolic characteristics of Jeongsa-Kisun and the dignity of Joseon Dynasty. They also wished safe voyage by drawing a demon face and the ship's eyes on the bow. ‘Pyeonak’ with special meaning was hung on the 'panonk' railings in each room to show the purpose of each room and the identification of the room's user, giving special symbolism and significance of breathing life into each room. Jeongsa-kisun in the painting materials was made larger in length and higher in height among Tongsinsa fleet to show the authority of the Joseon Dynasty and the dignity of the royal family. There was a passage outside the boatyard, and the ship was rowed between the boatyard and the panok. The panok was located inside the boat, and handrails are placed on all sides above the panok to further enhance the stability and linear beauty. Panok is placed inside the hull so that the height of the panok is not too high, to improve the recovery and navigation performance when sailing in bad weather. The wall of the panok was decorated with royal Dancheong and splendid murals. It was newly revealed that the ships carried lifesaving devices made of a pig's urine tube through the Korean Chinese character 'Jwapo (佐脬)' at the end of the stern of the eight-tier sampan. Further revelation include the head material connection structure, cooking space structure, panok entrance structure, stern panok structure, chi structure, wave shield structure, main plate shape, pheasant feather role, etc. Based on the paintings left by Joseon and Japanese painters reviewed in this paper, Jeongsa-kisun was manufactured and operated by the state as an international exchange ship with a structure and features worthy of national prestige to sail internationally.