동아시아 연안해로의 추이와 한반도 남부지역 포구세력의 동향

Abstract

This study divides East Asian coastal sea roads into the West-South Coast Sea Road and the East-South Coast Sea Road, and considers from a macroscopic perspective the operational status and trend of changes in East Asian coastal sea routes, with the focus on changes in key transshipment bases, leaders, and southern port forces at each stage. The first stage corresponds to the period spanning the third century BC to the third century AD, when Gojoseon, Nakrang-gun and Daebang-gun led the West-South Coast Sea Road by using the Pyongyang area of the Daedong River as their key transshipment base and revitalized commercial & cultural exchanges in East Asia. Indeed, such exchanges appear to have been very active as Chinese currency has been found in various places along the West-South Coast Sea Road. During this period there were the southern port forces of the Korean Peninsula, including Hanguk in the Asan Bay area, Guyahanguk in the Gimhae area at the mouth of the Nakdonggang River, Sinmiguk in the Baekpo Bay area of Haenam, and Neukdo Island in the area of Sacheon City, etc. The second stage corresponds to the first half of the fourth century, when Goguryeo and Baekje engaged in a fierce battle after Nakrang-gun and Daebang-gun were ousted, and the West-South Coast Sea Road emerged as an alternative sea route. During this period, Silla dominated the East-South Coast Sea Road around the Gyeongju Plain, which emerged as a new key transshipment base, and Gimhae's Geumgwanguk tried to find a way out by riding on the new trade system leading to Silla, Geumgwanguk, the eight port forces in the west of Geumgwanguk, which were alienated from the trade system, protested and attacked the Geumgwanguk. The third stage corresponds to the second half of the fourth century, when Baekje won a decisive victory in the confrontation with Goguryeo and led the West-South Coast Sea Road by using the Seoul area along the Han River as its key transshipment base. In this stage, Baekje was found to have led the West-South Coast Sea Road leading to Japan by subjugating the port forces on the west coast of Jeollabuk-do and defeating Chimmidarye in the west-south sea, and capturing Gaya port forces on the south coast. The fourth stage corresponds to the period from the end of the fourth century to the fifth century, when a serious three-countries confrontation structure is formed and the East Asian coastal sea route fell into a serious jam phase. In the fourth stage, ‘exchanges within the possible range’ were carried out through the southern sectionof the West- South Coast Sea Road, centering on the southern port forces. It was understood that Aragaya (Anraguk) led it until the middle of the fifth century, and that Sogaya(Gojaguk) led it from the second half of the fifth century. In the late fifth century, it was also noted that a powerful port force emerged to monopolize maritime exchanges with the Jeju area, and shared the name 'Tamra' in the area of Bukil-myeon, Haenam. The fifth stage corresponds to the first half of the sixth and seventh centuries, when the confrontation between the three countries intensified and the East Asian coastal sea routes became bogged down in a total jam phase. This paper points out that during this period, the port forces in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula were divided by Baekje and Silla and were in an unstable situation where they were incorporated into the triangular system of the three kingdoms.