고대 동아시아 연안항로와 영산강·낙동강유역의 동향－4세기 이전을 중심으로－

Abstract

After Gojoseon (ancient Korean kingdom) collapsed, Naklang dominated sea-based trade, along the coastal line, in East Asia, for about 400 years from the end of the 2nd century B.C. With the establishment of the Dae-bang region in the early 3rd century B.C., sea-based trade in East Asia was dominated both by Naklang and Dae-bang. Under such circumstances, the forces in the Yeongsan and Nakdong river basin enjoyed great prosperity as a close trading partner in the sea-based trade led by Naklang and Dae-bang. The countries located in the Yeongsan river basin were collectively called the “The countries of Shin-mi” whilst those in the Nakdong river basin the “The countries of Gaya” at the time. This indicates the high stature and power of Shin-mi and Gaya with regards to sea-based trade. However, with the fall of Naklang and Dae-bang in the early 4thcentury, sea-based trade in East Asia shrank dramatically. It had a negative effect on the Goongokri forces located in the Yeongsan river basin, which had been benefiting from the prosperity achieved by the Naklang and Dae-bang led sea trade. This led to confusion in the area around the Nakdong River. Gaya, which faced dramatically decreased trade along the west and south coastal lines, began developing a partnership with Shilla, which was emerging as a strong country, by adopting the culture of the northern races through the East Sea route. It was at this time that eight countries located in the western harbors attacked Gaya in opposition of its new approach. This was known as “the uprising of eight harbor countries.” Shilla and Gaya successfully suppressed this uprising and formed a strong partnership for the new era of trade relations. However, the emergence of Baekje in late 4th century, along the south and west coastal lines, signaled the beginning of their decline. In the late 4th century, Baekje emerged as the strong country along the south and west coastal lines, thus replacing Naklang and Dae-bang. It attacked and quashed the resistant Shin-mi forces in the Yeongsan river basin, while placing pro-Baekje forces in “Gohyunri” to use it as a new foothold harbor in the region. Along with this, Baekje also expanded the pro-Baekje forces in the Gaya region through which it led trade with Japan. Although Shilla felt threatened and showed some resistance to Baekje’s maneuvers, it was no match for Baekje and was overwhelmed with Baekje’s superior Chinese cultural knowledge and products.