유학으로 인구문제 성찰하기— 관계인구 개념의 유학적 활용을 중심으로 —

Abstract

This paper analyzes the concept of the relational population from the perspective of Confucianism and discusses its practical application. The concept of the relational population, introduced and developed by Japanese local journalists and activists, lies between the residential and migrant populations, as well as the exchange and tourism populations. Although it does not settle in the region, it offers a potential solution to population problems by increasing the relational population in situations where increasing the actual population is challenging. This concept goes beyond the traditional quantitative view of population, allowing for a deeper understanding of the individuals who constitute the population. Confucianism is a philosophy that emphasizes relationships. This paper explores how Confucianism, as a philosophy of relations, can approach the concept of the relational population. Relationships in Confucianism can be examined from three perspectives. First, Confucianism offers a way of thinking that seeks to understand the root and essence of problems, rather than merely addressing their symptoms. Reflecting on fundamental issues facilitates the necessary questioning and understanding of the problem. Second, it involves the relationship with the self. Confucianism encourages examining real problems in relation to oneself. Through this process, one recognizes the open desire for others. While addressing real problems with serious principles, one’s personal desires and societal needs intersect. This perspective allows for a more positive view of Confucian practice, often seen as self-sacrificial and coercive. Third, it pertains to relationships with others and society. In Confucianism, relationships with others and societal practice begin at a close distance. In terms of subject, region, and relationship, it should start nearby and gradually expand from small, everyday interactions. This expansion occurs through dense relationships. Applying Confucian concepts of relationships to population issues helps identify the core problems underlying population challenges. This approach also links these core issues to personal reflection and self-discovery. Long-term and continuous activities can be sustained by finding connections between population problems and personal issues. Additionally, it allows for a renewed exploration of local institutions such as hyanggyo and seowon, which are closely related to population issues and Confucianism.