내러티브 비평과 구약 제1내러티브(창세기~열왕기하)의 구조
Narrative Criticism and the Primary Narrative (Genesis ~ 2 Kings) in the Old Testament
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본 논문은 구약성서 앞부분을 차지하고 있는 창세기부터 열왕기까지 해당하는 제1내러티브의 구조를 살피려는 것이다. 이를 위해서 내러티브 비평을 연구방법론으로 사용한다. 내러티브 비평은 내재된 저자와 내재된 독자가 중요한 위치를 차지하며, 근접읽기를 통해 내러티브의 의미를 분명하게 이끌어 낼 수 있다. 내러티브는 텍스트의 세계에 있는 구성요소들로 인하여 상호작용을 하게 된다. 내러티브의 요소들로서는 줄거리, 등장인물, 배경, 관점 등이 있다. 내러티브 비평은 텍스트의 실제 저자나 텍스트 정보의 역사에 대한 특징적인 지식없이 하나의 이야기를 해석하는 데 큰 어려움이 없다. 내러티브를 읽는다는 것은 텍스트의 자료나 문서를 염두에 두기 보다는 문학적인 방식으로 이야기를 이해하는 것에 우선적인 관심을 둔다. 성서 내러티브는 내러티브의 의사소통체계를 도입하여 제1내러티브를 분석할 수 있다. 창세기부터 열왕기까지의 책들은 히브리 성서의 순서에 따라 룻기를 제외하고 9권으로 이루어져있다. 이 부분은 신명기를 중심으로 제1부과 제2부로 나뉘게 되며 이중구조로 되어 있다. 각 부분은 발단-전개-위기-절정-결말 등으로 구성되어 있으며 신명기는 1부의 결말이면서 이와 동시에 1부의 발단에 해당한다. 신명기는 가나안 땅에 진입하기 직전 모압까지 이르게 된 전반부와 가나안 땅의 들어가기 직전 예비적인 차원에서 두 번째 이야기의 서론 역할을 하게 된다. 이렇게 제1내러티브를 펼치게 되면 대칭구조 또는 홀수 교차대구의 모습으로 주제적인 내용을 구분할 수 있다. 결과적으로 제1내러티브는 담화로 된 이야기로써 이스라엘의 시작과 끝을 소개하는 장엄한 내용을 담고 있음을 확인할 수 있다.
Abstract
This article aims to study the structure in the Primary Narrative(Genesis ~ 2 Kings) in the Old Testament. For this, narrative criticism is employed as the main research method. Narrative criticism is a synchronic and synthetic literary analysis that tries to read the text as an implied reader that would understand it in its present shape rather than looking at the proven historical information. A close reading enables analysis of the elements such as plot, character, setting and point of view in the text. One of the advantages of this methodology is that, although one may not have complete historical knowledge about a text, it is still possible to read and interpret it. A biblical narrative can analyze the Primary Narrative through the communication system of the narrative. The longest block of Genesis to Kings in the Hebrew Bible (TaNaK) consists of nine books with the exception of the book of Ruth. This part is divided in two sides by the book of Deuteronomy in the center, and it is called a doublet. Each consists of five steps, that is, beginning, development, crisis, climax and denouement. Deuteronomy is the last position of the first part and also in the first position of the second part within the Primary Narrative. When the two parts are unfolded, these show a symmetric pattern or uneven chiasmus from the literary perspective. The Primary Narrative, therefore, is a story as a discourse and it shows the various majestic contents from the beginning of the Kingdom of Judah to its destruction.
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