미국 워싱턴-볼티모어 대도시권의 주택시장 특성과 도시개발 추이
The Characteristics of Housing Markets and Urban Development Trends in the Washington-Baltimore Metropolitan Area in the U.S.
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본 논문은 미국 메릴랜드 주의 워싱턴 시 교외 카운티들, 볼티모어 시 및 이의 교외 카운티들, 그리고 이들의 외곽지역 카운티들을 대상으로 최근까지 주택시장의 특성과 도시개발의 추이를 관찰해 봄으로써 1997년 이래로 현재까지 지속되고 있는 메릴랜드 주 스마트 성장정책의 시행에 있어 직면할 수 있는 문제들에 대해서 논의해 보고, 장기적으로 성공적인 스마트 성장정책의 정착을 위해서 필요한 정책과제들이 무엇인가에 대한 함의를 도출하였다. 연구의 결과 현재 메릴랜드 지역은 주택수요는 급증하였으나 주택공급은 이에 반응하여 크게 증가하지 않음으로 해서 주택가격이 급격히 상승하는 모습을 보여 주었으며 이는 개발압력의 증가로 인해 신규주택건설이 기 도시화지역인 우선자금지원지역 밖으로 이루어짐으로써 스마트 성장정책을 성공적으로 수행하지 못할 것이란 우려를 갖게 해 주었다. 이에 대한 대응책으로 우선자금지원지역의 합리적이고 효율적인 관리, 주택시장에 충분한 공급을 위한 여건 구비, 각 주택시장 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 정책수단의 채택 등 정책적 대안들이 논의되었다.
Abstract
This study explores the recent characteristics of housing markets and urban development trends in the counties in Washington D.C. suburbs, Baltimore and its suburban counties, and outlying counties in the Washington-Baltimore Metropolitan Area in Maryland, U.S. This paper especially focuses not only on discussing the potential obstacles that Maryland?s Smart Growth Initiatives, launched in 1997, might face in the near future, but also on deriving implications on policy alternatives in order to successfully implement the Initiatives. The research findings reveal that the housing markets in the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area are under a serious demand pressure caused by rapidly increasing housing prices with slowly responding housing supply. This leads to a concern about the possible failure of the state?s smart growth policy due to the new housing development outside the Priority Funding Area with increasing development pressure. In order to prevent this concern from being realized, this paper discusses some policy alternatives including the rational and efficient management of the Priority Funding Area, the formation of the favorable environment for sufficient housing supply, and the adoption of customized policy tools for different housing markets with different characteristics.
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