국공내전 시기 미국의 동맹전략에 관한 연구

Abstract

After the end of the world warⅡ, the Chinese Kuomintang entered a full-scale civil war against the Chinese Communist Party from Anti-Japanese war to the end of National Civil war. However, the Chinese Kuomintang lost the war against the Communist Party in spite of military and economic aid from the United States. The purpose of support from the United States was to prevent Japanese forces who occupied part of China during the Pacific War from being converted into Pacific and the United States had the expectations that the unification of China by the Kuomintang will be positive for Asian policy in the future. For National civil war, however, the United States was not willing to be participated in the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China so the UnitedStates tried to arbitrate between two powers or suggested the termination of war to the Kuomintang. Because the United States was afraid of the damage that occurred while participating in the civil war and had regarded the intensity of the threat from communist China at a low level. Furthermore, United States regarded that a communist regime in China would not be negative for their profits. But the Kuomintang required the continued aid, as they did not consider the position of the United States. Since 1948 the Kuomintang was continuously defeated in the civil war against the Communist Party and had failed in social reforms, which requested by the United States. In addition, the long-lasting civil war caused inflation so it lead to the unstable economic situation in China. As a result, United States had to abandon the Kuomintang and they built and select an alternative plan. United States decided to use the appeasement policy to prevent the absorption of the Communist Party toward the Soviet Union and converted focus on Asian policy from China to Japan. The reason for abandoning Kuomintang was that it the regime was vulnerable to the stability of the alliance of both sides and the Kuomintang didn't properly exchange autonomy and the security assistance of a powerful country. On the otherhand, Korea has been highly sensitive about current situation of domestic business and changes of the United States domestic affairs and abroad and due to proper exchange of autonomy and the security assistance. Naturally, United States has continued Korea and US alliance for 60years. Key words : National civil war, Alliance, Abandonment, The stability of the alliance, The Kuomintang, The Communist Party