太平洋戰爭 初期 聯合國의 同盟戰略과 對日作戰

Abstract

This study attempts to explore the allied strategy of the Nationalists through analyzing strategy intention and campaigns during the early Pacific War. The Nationalists suggested military alliance to the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union since the Pacific war broke out. As a result, China, the US, and Britain signed a military alliance treaty, then the allied powers agreed to make a combined force and defend Burma. However, the profits of the three countries toward defending Burma were different. To sign a military alliance treaty with the US and Britain, and to match for Japan, China firstly suggested to send a Chinese forces to Burma. However, Britain rejected entering the Chinese forces to Burma. Because Britain worried about Chinese suzerainty on Burma. The US participated actively the combined conference of three countries due to the public opinion. However the US didn't want to send the US forces to South-East Asia. The US attached move important to European theater. Therefore, the US appointed General Stillwell who had no experience of commanding large units to the chief of staffs of the US in Chinese theater and the commander of China-US combined forces instead of General Drum who had insisted on sending the US troops to Burma. Therefore, the US intention of sending General Stilwell to Burma was not from military purpose but from political symbolism. Different strategies against Japan of the three allied countries imposed negative influence on operations. Chinese forces gained a great victory at the third Changsha campaign against Japanese forces, in contrast to Allied forces failed in Burma. The main important factor that caused different results, a victory in Changsha and lost in Burma, was different adoption of strategy against Japan. The Chinese commanders sought to re-encircle Japanese troops, when the Japanese main troops encircle and attack final objectives. The Chinese high rank officers became to understand Japanese tactics over four years struggle against Japanese forces. However, British and the US military officers couldn’t get chances to learn about Japanese tactics. In conclusion, different thoughts among commanders of Allied Powers caused failures of defending Burma and success of defending China proper. It is true that the US played a pivotal role in the Allied victory in Sino-Japanese War. However, the Chinese forces contributed to the victory significantly, as this paper reveals. The Chinese forces succeeded in defending their homeland without the US troops in their side at the beginning of the Pacific War. In this cause, the role of the Chine forces and it’s strategies and tactics need re-evaluation.