앙드레 지드(André Gide)의 『소련 방문기(Retour de l’URSS)』에 나타난 소련 인상
The Perception of Soviet Union in André Gide’s Retour de l’URSS
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André Gide was more than a writer of fiction who showed an occasional interest in society. He had established himself as an accomplished writer, astute moraliste, and the foremost spokesperson of his generation for personal freedom and self-realization. But beginning in the 1920s, at the peak of his career, Gide became aware, first, that his particular brand of bourgeois individualism was becoming increasingly irrelevant in the contemporary world and, second, that social commitment and even revolution could serve as a powerful source of inspiration and self-renewal. Gide converted to Communism at the beginning of the 1930’s. Over a ten-year period that ended with his public break with the Soviet Union in 1936, Gide as the committed intellectual, interacted with society in what were for him unprecedented ways. As europe’ conscience and “contemporain capital”, Gide is typical of a host of left-wing French intellectuals in the period between the two World Wars. In 1936 he was invited by the Soviet government to visit the country. Like most other progressive intellectuals of his day, Gide was fascinated by the Soviet experiment. To Gide the Soviet Union at first held out the promise of peace and justice for all. Moreover, the Soviet Union alone appeared willing and able to withstand the Fascist menace that consumed much of Europe in the 1930s. But the Soviet Union did not live up to the high expectations of intellectuals in the West. Stalin’s regime had quelled the hopes of the October Revolution. Gide denounced Stalinism in two famous travelogues, Retour de l’USSR and Retouches à mon Retour de l’USSR. He saw the reappearance of social strata, of a kind of aristocracy, inequality, conformism etc in the Soviet Union. To Gide the Soviet Union was counter-revolutionary. The Soviet Union betrayed the ideas of October Revolution.
Abstract
André Gide was more than a writer of fiction who showed an occasional interest in society. He had established himself as an accomplished writer, astute moraliste, and the foremost spokesperson of his generation for personal freedom and self-realization. But beginning in the 1920s, at the peak of his career, Gide became aware, first, that his particular brand of bourgeois individualism was becoming increasingly irrelevant in the contemporary world and, second, that social commitment and even revolution could serve as a powerful source of inspiration and self-renewal. Gide converted to Communism at the beginning of the 1930’s. Over a ten-year period that ended with his public break with the Soviet Union in 1936, Gide as the committed intellectual, interacted with society in what were for him unprecedented ways. As europe’ conscience and “contemporain capital”, Gide is typical of a host of left-wing French intellectuals in the period between the two World Wars. In 1936 he was invited by the Soviet government to visit the country. Like most other progressive intellectuals of his day, Gide was fascinated by the Soviet experiment. To Gide the Soviet Union at first held out the promise of peace and justice for all. Moreover, the Soviet Union alone appeared willing and able to withstand the Fascist menace that consumed much of Europe in the 1930s. But the Soviet Union did not live up to the high expectations of intellectuals in the West. Stalin’s regime had quelled the hopes of the October Revolution. Gide denounced Stalinism in two famous travelogues, Retour de l’USSR and Retouches à mon Retour de l’USSR. He saw the reappearance of social strata, of a kind of aristocracy, inequality, conformism etc in the Soviet Union. To Gide the Soviet Union was counter-revolutionary. The Soviet Union betrayed the ideas of October Revolution.
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