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코로나-19 팬데믹과 국가 : 중국과 미국의 비교

Covid-19 Pandemic and the State: a Comparative Study on China and the United States

이양호
사단법인 한국민족연구원 (Korea Research Center of Ethnology)|2020.09|민족연구 (Minjok Yeonku)|제76호|pp. 28-61|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.35431/MINJOK.76.2

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중국정책Inequality미국Policy코로나-19불평등ChinaCovid-19United States of America
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

이 논문은 중국과 미국이 최근 50년간 신종전염병의 발원지였다는 차원에서 중국과미국의 코로나-19 발생을 설명하고 비교한다. 팬데믹에 대항한 봉쇄정책과 보건복지정책에서 서로 상이한 점을 비교 분석하며 비교를 위해 WHO, CDC, IMF, World Bank, UNDP 등의 자료를 사용한다. 사회주의 국가이면서 ‘붉은 자본주의’ 국가라고할 수 있는 중국과 민주주의 국가이면서 선진 자본주의 국가인 미국이 팬데믹에대응하는 방식이 아주 달랐고 그 결과도 달랐다. 봉쇄정책에서 중국은 중앙정부차원에서 강력한 봉쇄정책을 취한데 반해 미국은 주정부가 개별적으로 봉쇄를 취하는느슨한 봉쇄를 취하였다. 건강과 사회복지정책에서도 중국은 강력한 권위주의적조처를 취한 데 반해 미국은 자유방임적 조처를 취했다. 이러한 봉쇄정책, 보건복지정책의 차이로 인해 중국은 코로나를 통제하였던데 반해 미국은 코로나를 통제하지못하였다. 결과적으로 미국에서는 코로나로 불평등이 가중되어 인종문제가 촉발되었던데 반해 중국에서는 외부인 출입금지라는 지역이기주의적인 현상이 나타났지만심각하지 않았다.

Abstract

This paper attempts to explain and compare the outbreak of Covid-19 in China and the United States in the sense that China and the United States have been the epicenters of the new epidemic in the last 50 years. It compares and analyzes the differences in the lockdown policy against the pandemic and the health and welfare policy between these tow countries, and uses data from WHO, CDC, IMF, World Bank, and UNDP for comparison. China, a socialist and ‘red capitalist’ country, and the United States, a democratic and advanced capitalist country, responded very differently to the pandemic, and the results were different. China adopted a strong lockdown policy at the central government level, while the United States adopted a loose lockdown in which the state governments individually chose to blockade. Moreover, in health and social welfare policy, China has taken strong authoritarian measures, while the United States has taken laissez-faire measures. Due to the difference in lockdown policy and health and social welfare policy, China controlled the corona virus whereas the Unites States could not. As a result, in the United States, racial riots were triggered by the increase in inequality due to Covid-19, whereas in China, the local selfish phenomenon of banning outsiders appeared, but it was not serious.

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