코로나19와 글로벌 보건 거버넌스 그리고 미국
COVID-19, Global Health Governance and the United States
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초록
코로나19 팬데믹은 감염병이 사회 공동체의 안정적 기능을 위협할 수 있는보건안보위협임을 보여준다. 보건안보 위기 대응을 위해서 글로벌 차원에서의협력이 필수적이며, 특히 글로벌 보건 거버넌스의 핵심 행위자인 WHO와 미국의역할이 중요하다. 하지만 글로벌 보건 이슈의 우선순위에 대해 미국과 WHO는국제보건협력의 접근법에 대해 갈등을 보여왔다. WHO는 최근 보건 전문성보다는 국가간 정치적 이해관계에 크게 영향을 받으면서 국제기구로서의 불편부당성에 대한 의구심을 초래하고 있다. 이는 글로벌 보건 거버넌스에서 WHO의리더십에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 중국과 패권경쟁을 벌이는 미국은 코로나19 사태에 직면하여 WHO가 중국 편향적인 행동을 보였기 때문에 감염병 위기를초래했다고 비난했다. 그럼에도 불구하고 미국의 코로나19 대응 실패의 주된이유는 트럼프 행정부의 보건안보 정책 실패 때문이다. 트럼프 행정부는 감염병확산과 바이오 테러에 대비하여 글로벌 보건안보구상을 수립하였던 오바마행정부의 기존 정책을 축소하거나 폐지했고, 이는 결과적으로 보건안보 위기에대한 ‘대비’의 실패를 초래했다.
Abstract
The COVID-19 Pandemic shows that infectious diseases are a health security threat that harms the stable functioning of the social community. To respond the health security crisis, cooperation at the global level is essential. Despite their leading role in the global health governance, the US and WHO have been in conflict over the priorities of global health security. The WHO has recently been strongly influenced by political interests among nations rather than health expertise, raising doubts about its unbiased nature as an international organization. This is self-destructive to WHO leadership in the global health governance. Competing with China for hegemony, the US accused the WHO of causing the COVID-19 crisis because of its attitude overly biased toward China. Nevertheless, the main reason for the failure of the US response to COVID-19 is the failure of the Trump administration's health security policy. The Trump administration has reduced or abolished global health security policies established by the Obama administration in the name of cost cutting. This resulted in the failure of the ‘preparedness’ of the health security threats.
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