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우크라이나 사태를 통해 본 대외적 행위자로서의 EU의 역할과 한계

The Role and Limitations of the EU as an External Actor through the Ukraine Crisis

고주현
한국정치사회연구소 (Korea Institute of Politics and Society)|2022.10|한국과 국제사회 (Korea and Global Affairs)|제6권 제5호|pp. 369-396|DOI 10.22718/kga.2022.6.5.014

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키워드

우크라이나EU공동외교안보정책(CFSP)CFSPUkraine대외적 행위자근린 정책(ENP)External ActorENP
주제분류학제간연구

초록

이 연구는 EU가 2014년 이래로 이른바 '우크라이나 분쟁'에서 어떤 역할을 했는지, 그리고 EU의 행동이 유사한 분쟁 시나리오에서 EU의 역할과 어떻게 다른지에 대한 질문에 기반을 두고 있다. 주요 결론은 EU가 우크라이나 사태에서 분쟁 관리자로서 점진적으로 진화했지만 그럼에도 불구하고 ‘포괄적’이고 ‘통합적인’ 행위자'로서의 구상된 역할과는 여전히 거리가 있다는 것이다. ‘정치적이고 직접적인’ 경향이 일부 관찰될 수는 있지만 그 보다는 주로 '부분적이고 간접적인' 갈등 관리자로서의 역할을 맡고 있는 것으로 보인다. 우크라이나에서 관찰된 EU의 새로운 실용주의, 높은 수준의 재정 투입, 국가 건설과 안보를 연계하는 광범위한 안보화 및 현지 대표부의 역할은 EU의 행위력을 강화한다. 이와 대조적으로, 외교안보 영역에서 회원국의 권한이 EU 권한보다 앞선다는 사실은 이 분야 EU 영향력과 효과적인 장기적 분업에 대한 의구심을 갖게 한다.

Abstract

This paper is based on the question of what role the EU has played in the so-called 'Ukrainian conflict' since 2014 and how its actions differ from that of the EU in similar conflict scenarios. The main conclusion is that although the EU has progressively developed as a dispute manager in the Ukraine conflict, it nevertheless remains in a partial and indirect way. The EU's approach in Ukraine shows that it differs from other conflict scenarios in several key respects. In particular, it can be seen that the EU's involvement is gradually becoming more secure based on the enormous material/financial and technical support invested in Ukraine. On the other hand, the strategic area is where the EU has been the least successful in achieving its own goal of becoming a 'comprehensive' and 'integrated' actor in crisis and conflict management. ENP has exhausted its strategic potential given the current situation in the region. Even the gradual securitization of engagement in Ukraine is still clearly linked to the ENP's conditional logic.

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