후금 시기 의례의 정치－의례를 통해 본 對蒙관계－

Abstract

The relationship between the Later Jin(後金) and the Inner Mongol tribes in Nurhaci era took place in a relatively compromising and mutually equal position. However, after Hong Taiji was crowned as Han(汗), the authority of the Manchu Han over the Inner Mongol tribe was strengthened by the establishment of the allied forces against the Chahar and the Ming Dynasty. Rituals and ceremonies began to transform as Hong Taiji concentrated his power over the inner Mongolian tribes. Although former ritual processes maintained a display of equality between the tribes, Hong Taiji transformed these ceremonies into an overt display of his own authority. Hong Taiji’s investiture in 1636 was more than his enthronement: it was a means to visualize the more complicated ritual procedures and hierarchical relationship between the Manchu Han and the Mongol noble lords. Early Manchu Historical Records documented the detailed procedures of the rituals between the Manchu Han and the Mongols including welcoming ceremonies. Despite extensive records regarding various rituals and ceremonies on how Mongol were received during the Manchu dynasty, there is a dearth of research on the issue. Although ritual procedures had not developed to the level of influencing neighboring countries, rituals in the early Manchu dynasty had already began to amalgamate Manchu and Mongol traditions and conventions into a systematized hierarchy. The aim of this paper is to understand Manchu-Mongol relations during the Manchu dynasty from a perspective of cultural politics by tracing the transformative process of these rituals. In so doing, I intend to demonstrate that the Manchu dynasty did not merely emulate institutions from the Ming dynasty but created a completely new system embracing not only Chinese elements but also inner-Asian aspects from the Manchu and Mongol peoples.